Opinion and Consensus Dynamics in Tourism Digital Ecosystems

A tourism destination is a social network with a group of interacting stakeholders jointly producing the experience that the travellers consume. The harmonisation and coordination of stakeholders’ views and the development of a consensus-based strategy are essential elements for destination competitiveness and growth. Despite that, there is still scarce research aimed at analysing the mechanisms through which consensus can be achieved and how such a process can be assessed and monitored. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap applying a spectral analysis to three destination networks with the objective of analysing the mechanisms through which information flows across the connections that link the different stakeholders and those that rule the establishment of a common opinion. Contributions to the body of knowledge and managerial implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.

[1]  Jen-te Yang Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels , 2010 .

[2]  S. Floyd,et al.  Middle management involvement in strategy and its association with strategic type: A research note , 1992 .

[3]  P. Burstein Policy Domains: Organization, Culture, and Policy Outcomes , 1991 .

[4]  M. Fiedler Algebraic connectivity of graphs , 1973 .

[5]  G. Moscardo The role of knowledge in good governance for tourism , 2011 .

[6]  Yoshiki Kuramoto,et al.  Chemical Oscillations, Waves, and Turbulence , 1984, Springer Series in Synergetics.

[7]  S. Floyd,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIC PROCESS EFFECTS ON CONSENSUS , 1989 .

[8]  B. Mohar THE LAPLACIAN SPECTRUM OF GRAPHS y , 1991 .

[9]  Dunia López-Pintado,et al.  Diffusion in complex social networks , 2008, Games Econ. Behav..

[10]  Chris Ryan,et al.  Equity, management, power sharing and sustainability—issues of the ‘new tourism’ , 2002 .

[11]  Suree Funilkul,et al.  The framework for sustainable eDemocracy development , 2009 .

[12]  A. Pluchino,et al.  CHANGING OPINIONS IN A CHANGING WORLD: A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIOPHYSICS , 2004 .

[13]  L. Shen,et al.  Linear Algebra , 1968 .

[14]  Jim Hefferon,et al.  Linear Algebra , 2012 .

[15]  G. Chiappa,et al.  SMART Destinations: new strategies to manage tourism industry , 2013 .

[16]  B. Bramwell,et al.  Collaboration in local tourism policymaking , 1999 .

[17]  S. Floyd,et al.  The Lack of Consensus About Strategic Consensus: Advancing Theory and Research , 2005 .

[18]  Sara Nordin,et al.  Innovative Destination Governance , 2007 .

[19]  Sergey Brin,et al.  The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine , 1998, Comput. Networks.

[20]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Real and virtual relationships in tourism digital ecosystems , 2013, Information Technology & Tourism.

[21]  Christof Pforr,et al.  Tourism policy in the making: an Australian network study. , 2006 .

[22]  Matt J. Keeling,et al.  Networks and the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease , 2010, Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases.

[23]  Allen C. Amason Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams , 1996 .

[24]  Youcheng Wang,et al.  Destination management: challenges and opportunities. , 2011 .

[25]  N. Scott,et al.  Tourist destination governance: practice, theory and issues. , 2011 .

[26]  C. Cooper,et al.  Improving tourism destination governance: a complexity science approach , 2010 .

[27]  G. Chiappa,et al.  Coordinating Relationships among destination stakeholders: evidence from Edinburgh (UK) , 2013 .

[28]  Edward Ott,et al.  Characterizing the dynamical importance of network nodes and links. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[29]  Lívia Markóczy,et al.  Consensus formation during strategic change , 2001 .

[30]  Santo Fortunato,et al.  Community detection in graphs , 2009, ArXiv.

[31]  P. Bonacich Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures , 1987, American Journal of Sociology.

[32]  E. Ott,et al.  Onset of synchronization in large networks of coupled oscillators. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[33]  Steven W. Floyd,et al.  Strategic process effects on consensus , 1989 .

[34]  A. Mattoo,et al.  The crisis-resilience of services trade , 2009 .

[35]  S. Fortunato,et al.  Statistical physics of social dynamics , 2007, 0710.3256.

[36]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  Epidemic thresholds in real networks , 2008, TSEC.

[37]  Donald Getz,et al.  COLLABORATION THEORY AND COMMUNITY TOURISM PLANNING , 1995 .

[38]  Leo Katz,et al.  A new status index derived from sociometric analysis , 1953 .

[39]  Sara Nordin,et al.  The Swedish ski resort of Åre , 2007 .

[40]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Tourism destinations as digital business ecosystems , 2012, ENTER.

[41]  Angelo Presenza,et al.  The use of Network Analysis to Assess Relationships Among Stakeholders Within a Tourism Destination: an Empirical Investigation on Costa Smeralda-gallura, Italy , 2013 .

[42]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Knowledge transfer in a tourism destination: the effects of a network structure , 2009, 0905.2734.

[43]  Piet Van Mieghem,et al.  Graph Spectra for Complex Networks , 2010 .

[44]  Richard L. Priem Top management team group factors, consensus, and firm performance , 1990 .

[45]  Jurgen Kurths,et al.  Synchronization in complex networks , 2008, 0805.2976.

[46]  J. Fredrickson,et al.  TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM AGREEMENT ABOUT THE STRATEGIC DECISION PROCESS: A TEST OF SOME OF ITS DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES , 1997 .

[47]  Frank M. Go,et al.  Knowledge-based network participation in destination and event marketing: A hospitality scenario analysis perspective ☆ , 2009 .