Optimal design and operations of a flexible oxyfuel natural gas plant

Abstract We co-optimize the design and operations of a flexible semi-closed oxygen-combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) carbon capture plant under time-varying electricity prices. The system consists of a cryogenic air separation unit, liquid oxygen storage, a gas turbine, a heat-recovery steam generator, and a steam turbine. The gas turbine is modeled allowing part-load operation. Computational optimization is used to maximize net present value (NPV) in order to examine the potential benefits achievable through upfront investments in increased flexibility (i.e., allowing price arbitrage between times of low and high price). Case studies of Germany and California are examined. Flexible SCOC-CC systems are not profitable in either region under current electricity prices. With electricity prices ≈ 2 times current prices, we find systems with positive NPVs. Oxygen storage is used in days with extreme price variability. Optimal designs favor constant operation, without over- or under-sizing system components and without additional oxygen storage. Sensitivity analyses show that external factors such as mean electricity price ( ± 200%), natural gas price ( ± 150%), and nominal discount rate ( ± 50%) have the strongest effect on NPV. Electricity price variability, which is thought to increase with increased penetration of renewables, does not strongly impact system design and profitability.

[1]  Tong Seop Kim,et al.  Evaluation of Design Performance of the Semi-Closed Oxy-Fuel Combustion Combined Cycle , 2012 .

[2]  M. Mølnvik,et al.  Dynamis CO2 quality recommendations , 2008 .

[3]  D. Chadwick,et al.  Purification of Oxyfuel-Derived CO2 , 2009 .

[4]  Tong Seop Kim,et al.  Development of a gas turbine performance analysis program and its application , 2011 .

[5]  Maciej Chorowski,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Oxygen Production for Oxy-combustion Application☆ , 2014 .

[6]  Michael A. Saunders,et al.  SNOPT: An SQP Algorithm for Large-Scale Constrained Optimization , 2005, SIAM Rev..

[7]  Nicolas Perrin,et al.  Commercialization of oxy-coal combustion: Applying results of a large 30MWth pilot project , 2009 .

[8]  Chao Fu,et al.  Using exergy analysis to reduce power consumption in air separation units for oxy-combustion processes , 2012 .

[9]  Louis J. Durlofsky,et al.  Optimal operation of an integrated energy system including fossil fuel power generation, CO2 capture and wind , 2011 .

[10]  Matthias Gerdts,et al.  A numerical study of MIDACO on 100 MINLP benchmarks , 2012 .

[11]  M. Webber,et al.  Optimal operation of flexible post-combustion CO2 capture in response to volatile electricity prices , 2011 .

[12]  Réjean Samson,et al.  Multi-objective design optimization of a natural gas-combined cycle with carbon dioxide capture in a life cycle perspective , 2010 .

[13]  Louis J. Durlofsky,et al.  Optimizing heat integration in a flexible coal–natural gas power station with CO2 capture , 2014 .

[14]  S. F. Smith.  A Simple Correlation of Turbine Efficiency , 1965, The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

[15]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Risk-based integrated production scheduling and electricity procurement for continuous power-intensive processes , 2016, Comput. Chem. Eng..

[16]  Heinz-Wolfgang Hring,et al.  Industrial Gases Processing , 2007 .

[17]  B. Metz.  IPCC special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage , 2005 .

[18]  T. Schulenberg,et al.  Shop Test Result of the V64.3 Gas Turbine , 1992 .

[19]  W. F. Castle.  Air separation and liquefaction: recent developments and prospects for the beginning of the new millennium , 2002 .

[20]  T. S. Kim,et al.  Comparative analysis on the part load performance of combined cycle plants considering design performance and power control strategy , 2004 .

[21]  Robert Morgan,et al.  An analysis of a large-scale liquid air energy storage system , 2015 .

[22]  Louis J. Durlofsky,et al.  A new carbon capture proxy model for optimizing the design and time-varying operation of a coal-natural gas power station , 2016 .

[23]  S. Korpela.  Principles of Turbomachinery , 2011 .

[24]  D. Goodwin,et al.  Cantera: An Object-oriented Software Toolkit for Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Transport Processes. Version 2.2.0 , 2015 .

[25]  Louis J. Durlofsky,et al.  Optimal Heat Integration in a Coal-Natural Gas Energy Park with CO2 Capture☆ , 2013 .

[26]  Markus Haider,et al.  Optimization of CO2 compression and purification units (CO2CPU) for CCS power plants , 2012 .

[27]  Yasuki Kansha,et al.  A cryogenic air separation process based on self-heat recuperation for oxy-combustion plants , 2016 .

[28]  Ignacio E. Grossmann,et al.  Air separation with cryogenic energy storage: Optimal scheduling considering electric energy and reserve markets , 2015 .

[29]  Qi Zhang,et al.  An adjustable robust optimization approach to scheduling of continuous industrial processes providing interruptible load , 2016, Comput. Chem. Eng..

[30]  Charles A. Kang,et al.  Optimization of carbon-capture-enabled coal-gas-solar power generation , 2015 .

[31]  Louis J. Durlofsky,et al.  Operational optimization of an integrated solar combined cycle under practical time-dependent constraints , 2017 .

[32]  Xiang Wang,et al.  A cryogen‐based peak‐shaving technology: systematic approach and techno‐economic analysis , 2013 .

[33]  Iain MacGill,et al.  Simulations of scenarios with 100% renewable electricity in the Australian National Electricity Market , 2012 .

[34]  Hanne M. Kvamsdal,et al.  Optimizing integrated reference cases in the OCTAVIUS project , 2016 .

[35]  Young Duk Lee,et al.  Performance analyses of oxy-fuel power generation systems including CO2 capture: comparison of two cycles using different recirculation fluids , 2010 .

[36]  Magnus Genrup,et al.  Aerodynamic Gas Turbine Compressor Design for an Oxy-Fuel Combined Cycle , 2015 .

[37]  Daniel Favrat,et al.  The Thermoeconomic and Environomic Modeling and Optimization of the Synthesis, Design, and Operation of Combined Cycles With Advanced Options , 2001 .

[38]  Alfons Kather,et al.  Comparative thermodynamic analysis and integration issues of CCS steam power plants based on oxy-combustion with cryogenic or membrane based air separation , 2009 .

[39]  Lars Even Torbergsen,et al.  Development of a Guideline for Safe, Reliable and Cost Efficient Transmission of CO2 in Pipelines , 2009 .

[40]  S. Can Gülen,et al.  Combined Cycle Off-Design Performance Estimation: A Second-Law Perspective , 2012 .

[41]  G Corchero,et al.  A natural gas oxy-fuel semiclosed combined cycle for zero CO2 emissions: a thermodynamic optimization , 2011 .

[42]  André Bardow,et al.  Time-series aggregation for synthesis problems by bounding error in the objective function , 2017 .

[43]  Sergio Mussati,et al.  A NGCC power plant with a CO2 post-combustion capture option. Optimal economics for different generation/capture goals , 2014 .

[44]  Olav Bolland,et al.  New concepts for natural gas fired power plants which simplify the recovery of carbon dioxide , 1992 .

[45]  Hossein Safaei,et al.  How much bulk energy storage is needed to decarbonize electricity , 2015 .

[46]  Olav Bolland,et al.  A quantitative comparison of gas turbine cycles with CO2 capture , 2007 .

[47]  Olav Bolland,et al.  Power generation with CO2 capture: Technology for CO2 purification , 2009 .

[48]  Chuguang Zheng,et al.  Plantwide control and operating strategy for air separation unit in oxy-combustion power plants , 2015 .

[49]  Julio R. Banga,et al.  Extended ant colony optimization for non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming , 2009, Comput. Oper. Res..

[50]  Jean-Pierre Tranier,et al.  Air separation, flue gas compression and purification units for oxy-coal combustion systems , 2009 .

[51]  Robert Morgan,et al.  Liquid air energy storage – Analysis and first results from a pilot scale demonstration plant , 2015 .

[52]  Matthias Gerdts,et al.  The oracle penalty method , 2010, J. Glob. Optim..

[53]  Alessandro Franco,et al.  THERMOECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORS OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR COMBINED PLANTS , 2004 .

[54]  T. Schulenberg,et al.  Shop Test Result of V64.3 Gas Turbine , 1991 .

[55]  Alessandro Franco,et al.  A general method for the optimum design of heat recovery steam generators , 2006 .

[56]  Alfons Kather,et al.  Optimisation Potentials for the Heat Recovery in a Semi-closed Oxyfuel-combustion Combined Cycle with a Reheat Gas Turbine☆ , 2014 .

[57]  François Maréchal,et al.  Multi-objective optimization of an advanced combined cycle power plant including CO2 separation options , 2006 .

[58]  Vince White,et al.  Oxygen supply for oxyfuel CO2 capture , 2011 .

[59]  K. C. Cotton,et al.  A Method for Predicting the Performance of Steam Turbine-Generators....: 16,500 kw and Larger , 1963 .

[60]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  Gas Turbine Performance Deterioration. , 2001 .

[61]  Lion Hirth,et al.  Carpe diem: A novel approach to select representative days for long-term power system modeling , 2016 .

[62]  R. Kurz,et al.  Gas Turbine Performance , 2016 .

[63]  Günter Scheffknecht,et al.  Oxyfuel combustion for CO2 capture in power plants , 2015 .

[64]  Magnus Genrup,et al.  Optimization of an Oxyfuel Combined Cycle Regarding Performance and Complexity Level , 2013 .