An Adaptive PSO-Based Sink Node Localization Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks

Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the process of estimating sensors’ positions. Localization have been used for identifying: geographic routing, network coverage, network connectivity, object tracking, and other WSNs-based techniques. Many protocols have been proposed as solutions for the localization problem. However, still some protocols need more efforts such as; the Topology Control protocols (TC). These protocols seeking to reduce the number of active nodes/links without any prior knowledge about the nodes’ physical positions. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimized approach to determine the best location for a sink node within a topology control protocol using the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO). The evaluation matrix of the proposed approach is based on the number of active nodes, the time intervals for constructing topologies, and the operational lifetime of the network. The proposed approach was tested against the performance of the standard PSO (SPSO). The simulation results show that the APSO technique surpasses the SPSO and it provides the best lifetime for a substantially longer network’s operation time.