Circular polarization for precipitation measurement

A polarization diversity S band radar has operated for the past 15 years in Alberta, Canada, to study precipitation, particularly severe storms. Theoretical and observational studies demonstrate that the radar reflectivity factor together with the degree of orientation of the precipitation can be used to determine the contributions rain and hail make to the total precipitation rate. As a result, measurements of total precipitation when mixtures of rain and hail are present are improved over measurements using solely the reflectivity factor.

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