Smart Fault Location for Smart Grids

Fault location is an important application among intelligent monitoring and outage management tasks used for realization of self healing networks, one of the most attractive features of smart grids. The data gathered from various intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) installed throughout the power system could be utilized for smart approaches to locating faults in both transmission and distribution systems. This paper discusses issues associated with improving accuracy of fault location methods in smart grids using an abundance of IED data. Two examples of how the gathered data from different IEDs is used to improve fault location accuracy in transmission and distribution systems are discussed in detail.

[1]  J.J. Mora,et al.  Fault Location in Power Distribution Systems using ANFIS Nets and Current Patterns , 2006, 2006 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America.

[2]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  An accurate fault location algorithm using synchronized sampling , 1994 .

[3]  T. Takagi,et al.  Development of a New Type Fault Locator Using the One-Terminal Voltage and Current Data , 1982, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[4]  P. A. Crossley,et al.  Practical experience with travelling wave fault locators on Scottish Power's 275 & 400 kV transmission system , 1997 .

[5]  D.M. Staszesky,et al.  Advanced feeder automation is here , 2005, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[6]  S. Elangovan,et al.  Digital distance relaying algorithm for first-zone protection for parallel transmission lines , 1998 .

[7]  A. T. Johns,et al.  New concept in fault location for overhead distribution systems using superimposed components , 1997 .

[8]  Goldberg,et al.  Genetic algorithms , 1993, Robust Control Systems with Genetic Algorithms.

[9]  A. T. Johns,et al.  An interactive approach to fault location on overhead distribution lines with load taps , 1997 .

[10]  K. Uemura,et al.  A New Alogorithm of an Accurate Fault Location for EHV/UHV Transmission Lines: Part I - Fourier Transformation Method , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[11]  Edmond O. Schweitzer.  Evaluation and development of transmission line fault-locating techniques which use sinusoidal steady-state information , 1983 .

[12]  Ieee Standards Board.  IEEE standard common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems , 1991 .

[13]  A.A. Girgis,et al.  Fault location on a transmission line using synchronized Voltage measurements , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[14]  Maja Knezev.  Optimal fault location , 2009 .

[15]  Laurel J. Lewis,et al.  Traveling Wave Relations Applicable to Power-System Fault Locators , 1951, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

[16]  James Northcote-Green,et al.  Control and automation of electrical power distribution systems , 2006 .

[17]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  Fault location using the distributed parameter transmission line model , 2000 .

[18]  Nei Kato,et al.  A Lightweight Message Authentication Scheme for Smart Grid Communications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[19]  D. A. Tziouvaras,et al.  New multi-ended fault location design for two- or three-terminal lines , 2001 .

[20]  Adly A. Girgis,et al.  A fault location technique for rural distribution feeders , 1991, [Proceedings] 1991 Rural Electric Power Conference. Papers presented at the 35th Annual Conference.

[21]  Adly A. Girgis,et al.  A new fault location technique for two- and three-terminal lines , 1992 .

[22]  Zhiqian Bo,et al.  Accurate fault location technique for distribution system using fault-generated high-frequency transient voltage signals , 1999 .

[23]  Joaquim Melendez,et al.  Comparison of impedance based fault location methods for power distribution systems , 2008 .

[24]  Murari Mohan Saha,et al.  An Accurate Fault Locator with Compensation for Apparent Reactance in the Fault Resistance Resulting from Remote-End Infeed , 1985, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[25]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[26]  Richard E. Brown,et al.  Electric Power Distribution Reliability , 2002 .

[27]  A. Abur,et al.  Fault Location Using Voltage Measurements , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[28]  J. Mora-Florez,et al.  Fault Location in Power Distribution Systems Using a Learning Algorithm for Multivariable Data Analysis , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  David Thomas,et al.  Fault location in distribution systems based on traveling waves , 2003, 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,.

[30]  Seung-Jae Lee,et al.  A Direct Three-Phase Circuit Analysis-Based Fault Location for Line-to-Line Fault , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[31]  K. Uemura,et al.  A New Algorithm of an Accurate Fault Location for EHV/UHV Transmission Lines: Part II - Laplace Transform Method , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[32]  M. Kezunovic,et al.  Improved Fault Location on Distribution Feeders Based on Matching During-Fault Voltage Sags , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[33]  Eugeniusz Rosolowski,et al.  Locating faults in parallel transmission lines under availability of complete measurements at one end , 2004 .

[34]  Y. G. Paithankar,et al.  Online digital fault locator for overhead transmission line , 1979 .

[35]  Kezunovic.  Fault Location Using Sparse Wide Area Measurements , 2009 .

[36]  B. Jeyasurya,et al.  Accurate fault location of transmission lines using microprocessors , 1989 .

[37]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  Fault location estimation based on matching the simulated and recorded waveforms using genetic algorithms , 2001 .

[38]  D.D. Sabin,et al.  Using PQ Monitoring and Substation Relays for Fault Location on Distribution Systems , 2007, 2007 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference.

[39]  A. T. Johns,et al.  Accurate fault location technique for power transmission lines , 1990 .

[40]  Hassan Nouri,et al.  An accurate fault location technique for distribution lines with tapped loads using wavelet transform , 2001, 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX502).

[41]  M. Kezunovic,et al.  Optimized fault location , 2007, 2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability.

[42]  R.E. Brown,et al.  Impact of Smart Grid on distribution system design , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[43]  P. A. Crossley,et al.  Fault location based on travelling waves , 1993 .

[44]  Seung-Jae Lee,et al.  A new fault location algorithm using direct circuit analysis for distribution systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[45]  M. S. Sachdev,et al.  Determining locations of faults in distribution systems , 1997 .

[46]  K. Srinivasan,et al.  A New Fault Location Algorithm for Radial Transmission Lines with Loads , 1989, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[47]  M. S. Sachdev,et al.  A technique for estimating transmission line fault locations from digital impedance relay measurements , 1988 .

[48]  Damir Novosel,et al.  Unsynchronized two-terminal fault location estimation , 1996 .

[49]  H. O. Pascual,et al.  Behaviour of Fourier, cosine and sine filtering algorithms for distance protection, under severe saturation of the current magnetic transformer , 2001, 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX502).