Evidence of Oxidative Stress in Relation to Feeding Type During Early Life in Premature Infants

Morbidity in the premature (PT) infant may reflect difficult adaptation to oxygen. We hypothesized that feeding including formula feeding (F) and feeding mother's milk (HM) with added fortifier would affect redox status. Therefore, 65 PT infants (birth weight: 1146 ± 261 g; GA: 29 ± 2.5 wk; mean ± SD) were followed biweekly, once oral feeds were introduced. Feeding groups: F (>75% total feeds) and HM (>75% total feeds) were further subdivided according to human milk fortifier (HMF) content of 0–19, 20–49, and ≥50%. Oxidative stress was quantified by F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) in urine, protein carbonyls, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in plasma. F2-IsoPs (ng/mg creatinine): 0–2 wk, 125 ± 63; 3–4 wk, 191 ± 171; 5–6 wk, 172 ± 83; 7–8 wk, 211 ± 149; 9–10 wk, 222 ± 121; and >10 wk, 183 ± 67. Protein carbonyls from highest [2.41 ± 0.75 (n = 9)] and lowest [2.25 ± 0.89 (n = 12) pmol/μg protein] isoprostane groups did not differ. ORAC: baseline, 6778 ± 1093; discharge, 6639 ± 735 [full term 4 and 12 M, 9010 ± 600 mg (n = 12) TE]. Highest isoprostane values occurred in infants with >50% of their mother's milk fortified. Further research on HMF is warranted.

[1]  M. Narce,et al.  Oxidant and antioxidant status in mothers and their newborns according to birthweight. , 2008, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[2]  G. Chan,et al.  Effects of a human milk-derived human milk fortifier on the antibacterial actions of human milk. , 2007, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[3]  C. Mühlfeld,et al.  Perinatal adaptation in mammals: the impact of metabolic rate. , 2007, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.

[4]  C. Scavone,et al.  Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Evidence of Lipid Peroxidation , 2007, Pediatric Research.

[5]  A. Tsopmo,et al.  Impact of iron and vitamin C-containing supplements on preterm human milk: in vitro. , 2007, Free radical biology & medicine.

[6]  W. Heird,et al.  Urinary F2-isoprostanes are poor prognostic indicators for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia , 2007, Journal of Perinatology.

[7]  S. Flora,et al.  Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease. , 2007, Cellular and molecular biology.

[8]  G. Sotoudeh,et al.  Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Changes Following a Meal as a Measure of the Ability of a Food to Alter In Vivo Antioxidant Status , 2007, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[9]  D. Chung,et al.  Oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis is mediated by p38 MAPK. , 2006, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[10]  S. Lorch,et al.  Urinary Metabolites of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Preterm and Term Infants , 2006, Neonatology.

[11]  C. D’Angio,et al.  Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. , 2006, Seminars in perinatology.

[12]  O. Erel,et al.  Breast milk provides better antioxidant power than does formula. , 2006, Nutrition.

[13]  F. Behar-Cohen,et al.  Physiopathologie de la rétinopathie du prématuré , 2006 .

[14]  Georgina Hernández-Flores,et al.  Retinopatía del prematuro y estrés oxidativo , 2006 .

[15]  C. Cunningham,et al.  Quantification of dinor, dihydro metabolites of F2-isoprostanes in urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[16]  N. Hidiroglou,et al.  Limited effects of combined dietary copper deficiency/iron overload on oxidative stress parameters in rat liver and plasma. , 2005, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[17]  Jean P O'Malley,et al.  Selective vulnerability of preterm white matter to oxidative damage defined by F2‐isoprostanes , 2005, Annals of neurology.

[18]  L. Roberts,et al.  Evidence of Oxidative Stress in Full-Term Healthy Infants , 2004, Pediatric Research.

[19]  V. Fellman,et al.  Plasma 8-Isoprostane Is Increased in Preterm Infants Who Develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Periventricular Leukomalacia , 2004, Pediatric Research.

[20]  B. Weinberger,et al.  Association of Lipid Peroxidation with Antenatal Betamethasone and Oxygen Radical Disorders in Preterm Infants , 2004, Neonatology.

[21]  M. Renfrew,et al.  Formula feed preparation: helping reduce the risks; a systematic review , 2003, Archives of disease in childhood.

[22]  T. Inder,et al.  Elevated Free Radical Products in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of VLBW Infants with Cerebral White Matter Injury , 2002, Pediatric Research.

[23]  G. Buonocore,et al.  Oxidative Stress in Preterm Neonates at Birth and on the Seventh Day of Life , 2002, Pediatric Research.

[24]  J. Friel,et al.  Milk from Mothers of Both Premature and Full-Term Infants Provides Better Antioxidant Protection than Does Infant Formula , 2002, Pediatric Research.

[25]  J. Friel,et al.  Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine, and Vitamin C Status in Premature Infants Receiving Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 2001, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[26]  C. Romagnoli,et al.  High total antioxidant activity and uric acid in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid of preterm infants during oxidative stress: an adaptive response to hyperoxia? , 2000, Acta paediatrica.

[27]  K. Raivio,et al.  Expression and developmental profile of antioxidant enzymes in human lung and liver. , 1998, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[28]  E. Mason,et al.  The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. , 1997, Pediatrics.

[29]  S. Abrams,et al.  Postnatal attainment of intrauterine macromineral accretion rates in low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. , 1995, The Journal of pediatrics.

[30]  Kelly Y. Kim,et al.  Oxidized lipids in the diet are a source of oxidized lipid in chylomicrons of human serum. , 1994, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

[31]  J. Lindeman,et al.  Postnatal changes in plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in healthy preterm infants fed formula and/or human milk. , 1994, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[32]  S. Blackburn.  Alterations of the respiratory system in the neonate: Implications for clinical practice , 1992, The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing.

[33]  P. Chessex,et al.  Relation between Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure in the Newborn , 1981, Pediatric Research.

[34]  H. Boenig.  FREE RADICALS AND HEALTH: INDICATORS FOR A UNIFYING CONCEPT , 1966, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[35]  F. Behar-Cohen,et al.  [Pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity]. , 2006, Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.

[36]  G. Hernández‐Flores,et al.  [Retinopathy of prematurity and oxidative stress]. , 2006, Anales de pediatria.

[37]  J. Fessel,et al.  Isofurans: novel products of lipid peroxidation that define the occurrence of oxidant injury in settings of elevated oxygen tension. , 2005, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[38]  J. Harding,et al.  Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants. , 2004, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[39]  D. Strobino,et al.  Association of Human Milk Feedings With a Reduction in Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Very Low Birthweight Infants , 2001, Journal of Perinatology.

[40]  L. Frank,et al.  Prenatal development of lung antioxidant enzymes in four species. , 1987, The Journal of pediatrics.