LCMS Measurement of Steroid Biomarkers Collected from Palmar Sweat.

Human eccrine sweat contains numerous biomarkers which can provide information on health, performance, and aging. Non-invasive collection and measurement of biomarkers has become especially important in recent times given viral outbreaks like SARS-CoV-2. In the current study we describe a method of sweat collection from palmar surfaces in participants via surface capture using glass beads and the resulting analysis of biomarkers from very low volumes of sweat using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Study participants underwent a cognitive and physical stress task with easy and hard conditions with sweat being collected after each task. Resulting analysis found a signal for 22 steroid biomarkers and we report detailed information on selected biomarkers, given their applicability to timely real-world exemplars, including cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, allopregnanolone, estrone, aldosterone, and 20α/β-dihydrocortisone.

[1]  L. Abrell,et al.  Dynamic Behavior of Cortisol and Cortisol Metabolites in Human Eccrine Sweat , 2023, International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management.

[2]  T. Schacker,et al.  Understanding the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone–SARS-CoV axis: a comprehensive review , 2020, European Respiratory Journal.

[3]  A. Guidotti,et al.  Allopregnanolone: From molecular pathophysiology to therapeutics. A historical perspective , 2020, Neurobiology of Stress.

[4]  G. Di Dalmazi,et al.  Impact of age, body weight and metabolic risk factors on steroid reference intervals in men. , 2020, European journal of endocrinology.

[5]  R. Whittemore,et al.  Risk Factors of Obesity in Veterans of Recent Conflicts: Need for Diabetes Prevention , 2019, Current Diabetes Reports.

[6]  Lindsay B. Baker Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health , 2019, Temperature.

[7]  D. Williamson,et al.  Neurosteroid Levels in the Orbital Frontal Cortex of Subjects With PTSD and Controls: A Preliminary Report , 2019, Chronic stress.

[8]  Benjamin A. Katchman,et al.  Accessing analytes in biofluids for peripheral biochemical monitoring , 2019, Nature Biotechnology.

[9]  Hayley S. Kamin,et al.  Cortisol and DHEA in development and psychopathology , 2017, Hormones and Behavior.

[10]  Nitin Mantri,et al.  Working Up a Good Sweat - The Challenges of Standardising Sweat Collection for Metabolomics Analysis. , 2017, The Clinical biochemist. Reviews.

[11]  Zhenpeng Zhou,et al.  Personal Information from Latent Fingerprints Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  J Heikenfeld,et al.  The microfluidics of the eccrine sweat gland, including biomarker partitioning, transport, and biosensing implications. , 2015, Biomicrofluidics.

[13]  Eric Elbogen,et al.  The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans: a meta-analysis. , 2015, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[14]  Eosu Kim,et al.  Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress , 2015, BMB reports.

[15]  R. Knight,et al.  Molecular cartography of the human skin surface in 3D , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[16]  R. D'Agostino,et al.  Circulating Estrone Levels Are Associated Prospectively With Diabetes Risk in Men of the Framingham Heart Study , 2013, Diabetes Care.

[17]  N. Gaikwad Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for profiling of steroid metabolome in human tissue. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  N. Taylor,et al.  Regional variations in transepidermal water loss, eccrine sweat gland density, sweat secretion rates and electrolyte composition in resting and exercising humans , 2013, Extreme Physiology & Medicine.

[19]  Patricia Deuster,et al.  Development of a sensitive microarray immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of neuropeptide Y. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  Vladimir N. Uversky,et al.  Analyzing and Mapping Sweat Metabolomics by High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy , 2011, PloS one.

[21]  E. Sternberg,et al.  Evaluation of Stress Systems by Applying Noninvasive Methodologies: Measurements of Neuroimmune Biomarkers in the Sweat, Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Cortisol , 2010, Neuroimmunomodulation.

[22]  Esther M. Sternberg,et al.  Elevated Neuroimmune Biomarkers in Sweat Patches and Plasma of Premenopausal Women with Major Depressive Disorder in Remission: The POWER Study , 2008, Biological Psychiatry.

[23]  A. Guidotti,et al.  Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Allopregnanolone Levels in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder , 2006, Biological Psychiatry.

[24]  I. Christie,et al.  Measurement of cytokines in sweat patches and plasma in healthy women: validation in a controlled study. , 2006, Journal of immunological methods.

[25]  R. Brinton,et al.  Allopregnanolone as a Therapeutic to Regenerate the Degenerated Brain , 2019, ISGE Series.

[26]  M. P. Muehlenbein,et al.  DHEA Modulates Immune Function: A Review of Evidence. , 2018, Vitamins and hormones.