Spleen stiffness by 2‐D shear wave elastography is the most accurate predictor of high‐risk esophagogastric varices in children with biliary atresia

Esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage is a cause of poor prognosis in patients with biliary atresia (BA). To prevent variceal hemorrhage, simple and reliable screening methods for high‐risk esophagogastric varices (HR‐EGV) are needed. We evaluated the efficacy of liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) as measured by 2‐D shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE), which was reported to be more accurate than transient elastography, for detecting HR‐EGV in children with BA.

[1]  Wenping Wang,et al.  Portal hypertension in hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis: Diagnostic accuracy of liver and spleen stiffness by 2‐D shear‐wave elastography , 2019, Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology.

[2]  M. Davenport,et al.  Transient Elastography Measurements of Spleen Stiffness as a Predictor of Clinically Significant Varices in Children , 2018, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[3]  V. Wong,et al.  Systematic review with meta-analysis: Change in liver stiffness during anti-viral therapy in patients with hepatitis B. , 2018, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[4]  Yanbo Zhang,et al.  Meta-analysis of the accuracy of transient elastography in measuring liver stiffness to diagnose esophageal varices in cirrhosis , 2018, Medicine.

[5]  Richard G. Barr,et al.  Shear wave liver elastography , 2018, Abdominal Radiology.

[6]  S. S. Lee,et al.  Real-time two-dimensional Shear-wave elastography for liver stiffness in children: Interobserver variation and effect of breathing technique. , 2017, European journal of radiology.

[7]  E. Inci,et al.  Evaluation of Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Elasticity in Healthy Newborns and Infants Using Shear Wave Elastography , 2017, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[8]  R. D. de Kleine,et al.  Variceal Bleeds in Patients with Biliary Atresia , 2017, European Journal of Pediatric Surgery.

[9]  G. Adam,et al.  Hepatic shear wave elastography in children under free-breathing and breath-hold conditions , 2017, European Radiology.

[10]  M. Davenport,et al.  King's Variceal Prediction Score: A Novel Noninvasive Marker of Portal Hypertension in Pediatric Chronic Liver Disease , 2017, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[11]  W. Jeong,et al.  How many times should we repeat measuring liver stiffness using shear wave elastography?: 5-repetition versus 10-repetition protocols. , 2016, Ultrasonics.

[12]  Qiang Zhu,et al.  Spleen Stiffness Is Superior to Liver Stiffness for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis , 2016, PloS one.

[13]  R. Kivisaari,et al.  A Prospective Comparison of Noninvasive Methods in the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis and Esophageal Varices in Pediatric Chronic Liver Diseases , 2016, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[14]  I. Sporea,et al.  Comparison of three ultrasound based elastographic techniques in children and adolescents with chronic diffuse liver diseases. , 2016, Medical ultrasonography.

[15]  Diagnostic Accuracy of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FI, King, Lok, Forns, and FibroIndex Scores in Predicting the Presence of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Erratum , 2016, Medicine.

[16]  X. Qi,et al.  Diagnostic Accuracy of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FI, King, Lok, Forns, and FibroIndex Scores in Predicting the Presence of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis , 2015, Medicine.

[17]  R. Franchis.  Expanding consensus in portal hypertension Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension , 2015 .

[18]  Amy G. Feldman,et al.  Biliary Atresia: Clinical Lessons Learned , 2015, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[19]  M. Ronot,et al.  Prospective comparison of spleen and liver stiffness by using shear-wave and transient elastography for detection of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. , 2015, Radiology.

[20]  T. Poynard,et al.  Spleen Stiffness Measurement by Transient Elastography to Diagnose Portal Hypertension in Children , 2014, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[21]  Jie Zeng,et al.  Study of detection times for liver stiffness evaluation by shear wave elastography. , 2014, World journal of gastroenterology.

[22]  S. Bota,et al.  How many measurements are needed for liver stiffness assessment by 2D-Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE) and which value should be used: the mean or median? , 2013, Medical ultrasonography.

[23]  B. Ducot,et al.  Experience with endoscopic management of high-risk gastroesophageal varices, with and without bleeding, in children with biliary atresia. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[24]  A. Zapf,et al.  Application and Limitations of Transient Liver Elastography in Children , 2013, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[25]  Ashish Kumar,et al.  Spleen Stiffness in Patients With Cirrhosis in Predicting Esophageal Varices , 2013, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[26]  M. Zheng,et al.  Transient elastography: a meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy in evaluation of portal hypertension in chronic liver disease , 2013, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[27]  G. Casazza,et al.  Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. , 2012, Gastroenterology.

[28]  M. Davenport,et al.  A clinical prediction rule and platelet count predict esophageal varices in children. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[29]  Y. Poovorawan,et al.  Transient elastography for predicting esophageal/gastric varices in children with biliary atresia , 2011, BMC gastroenterology.

[30]  B. Ducot,et al.  Prognostic value of endoscopy in children with biliary atresia at risk for early development of varices and bleeding. , 2010, Gastroenterology.

[31]  S. Ling,et al.  Derivation of a Clinical Prediction Rule for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Varices in Children , 2010, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[32]  N. Mattek,et al.  Complications of pediatric EGD: a 4-year experience in PEDS-CORI. , 2007, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[33]  J. Kalbfleisch,et al.  A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C , 2003, Hepatology.

[34]  R. Sokol,et al.  Survival after first esophageal variceal hemorrhage in patients with biliary atresia. , 2001, The Journal of pediatrics.

[35]  R. Sokol,et al.  Long-term results with the Kasai operation for biliary atresia. , 1996, Archives of surgery.

[36]  S. Sarin,et al.  Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: A long‐term follow‐up study in 568 portal hypertension patients , 1992, Hepatology.

[37]  S. Kitano,et al.  Prediction of variceal hemorrhage by esophageal endoscopy. , 1981, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[38]  J. Fleiss,et al.  Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. , 1979, Psychological bulletin.

[39]  J. R. Landis,et al.  The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. , 1977, Biometrics.

[40]  R. de Franchis.  Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. , 2015, Journal of hepatology.

[41]  J. Levy,et al.  Biliary atresia. , 1985, Pediatric annals.