Optimization for cogeneration systems in buildings based on life cycle assessment

SUMMARY: This paper presents a model that is developed to optimize the selection and operation of energy systems in commercial buildings based on their environmental performance. The model can be used for decision support regarding infrastructure in both design and operation of building energy systems. The approach is composed of energy simulation to generate building’s energy demand, life cycle assessment (LCA) to model different energy systems, and optimization model to optimize the selection and operation of these energy systems. The energy systems that are discussed in this paper are cogeneration systems, average electric grid, gas boilers, and absorption and electric chillers. The performance criteria presented in this paper are primary energy consumption (PEC) and tropospheric ozone precursor potential (TOPP).

[1]  Robert Ries,et al.  Life-Cycle Impact Analysis of Energy Systems for Buildings , 2004 .

[2]  Daniel Favrat,et al.  Multi-criteria optimization of a district cogeneration plant integrating a solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine combined cycle, heat pumps and chillers , 2003 .

[3]  Joseph Khedari,et al.  The Potential of Waste Heat Thermoelectric Power Generation From Diesel Cycle and Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plants , 2001 .

[4]  William Chung,et al.  Dynamic energy and environment equilibrium model for the assessment of CO2 emission control in Canada and the USA , 1997 .

[5]  J. W. Twidell,et al.  Modelling of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant incorporating a heat pump for domestic use , 1997 .

[6]  Andrew J. Weaver.  The Science of Climate Change , 2003 .

[7]  M. McBride.  Environmental Chemistry of Soils , 1994 .

[8]  B. G. Raghavendra,et al.  Integrated energy optimization model for a cogeneration based energy supply system in the process industry , 1995 .

[9]  M. B. Gunes,et al.  Investigation of a Fuel Cell Based Total Energy System for Residential Applications , 2001 .

[10]  Marc A. Rosen,et al.  Assessing and optimizing the economic and environmental impacts of cogeneration/district energy systems using an energy equilibrium model , 1999 .

[11]  Michel Feidt,et al.  Energy cogeneration systems and energy management strategy , 1998 .

[12]  Margaret K. Mann,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment of a Natural Gas Combined-Cycle Power Generation System , 2000 .

[13]  End Use.  Annual energy review , 1984 .

[14]  Sophia Christina Acle Jones.  Micro-cogeneration optimal design for service hot water thermal loads , 1999 .

[15]  Yohji Uchiyama,et al.  Life-cycle assessment of electricity generation options: The status of research in year 2001 , 2002 .

[16]  Vira Chankong,et al.  Decision models for management of cogeneration plants , 1995 .

[17]  Hubert A. Gasteiger,et al.  Handbook of fuel cells : fundamentals technology and applications , 2003 .

[18]  Nelson E. Hay.  Guide to natural gas cogeneration , 1992 .

[19]  M. J. Hutzler,et al.  Emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States , 1995 .

[20]  J I O'Brien,et al.  Modelling of cogeneration systems. Part 1: Historical perspective , 2000 .

[21]  Steve Greenberg,et al.  Technology data characterizing space conditioning in commercial buildings: Application to end-use forecasting with COMMEND 4.0 , 1995 .

[22]  G. Müller,et al.  The Scientific Basis , 1995 .

[23]  S. D. Fawkes,et al.  Practical modelling of micro combined heat and power applications for local authority district heating schemes , 1988 .

[24]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[25]  François Maréchal,et al.  process integration: Selection of the optimal utility system , 1998 .

[26]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 1995: the science of climate change. , 1996 .

[27]  G. Watts,et al.  Climate Change 1995 , 1998 .