Chapter 1 The retinal image in the human eye

[1]  A. Spector,et al.  Isolation and characterization of an age-dependent polypeptide from human lens with non-tryptophan fluorescence. , 1975, Experimental eye research.

[2]  J R PLATT On the Wright-Nelson explanation of the Stiles-Crawford effect. , 1947, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[3]  G. Heath,et al.  The influence of visual acuity on accommodative responses of the eye. , 1956, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[4]  P B Kruger,et al.  Infrared recording retinoscope for monitoring accomodation. , 1979, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[5]  Chris A. Johnson,et al.  Peripheral visual acuity and refractive error: Evidence for “two visual systems”? , 1976 .

[6]  T. Whiteside,et al.  THE PROBLEMS OF VISION IN FLIGHT AT HIGH ALTITUDE , 1954 .

[7]  F Rempt,et al.  Peripheral retinoscopy and the skiagram. , 1971, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[8]  Melvin D. Wolfberg Academy FORUM on Health Manpower Credentialing , 1978 .

[9]  W. N. Charman,et al.  Dependence of accommodation response on the spatial frequency spectrum of the observed object , 1977, Vision Research.

[10]  C. E. Ferree,et al.  Refractive Asymmetry in the Temporal and Nasal Halves of the Visual Fiel , 1932 .

[11]  J. M. Otero Influence of the state of accommodation on the visual performance of the human eye. , 1951, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[12]  Barry A. J. Clark TOPOGRAPHY OF SOME INDIVIDUAL CORNEAS , 1974 .

[13]  G Westheimer,et al.  Spatial frequency and light-spread descriptions of visual acuity and hyperacuity. , 1977, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[14]  Robert T. Jacobsen Optical Constants of Biaxial Crystals from the Exact Drude Equations , 1964 .

[15]  H. Schober,et al.  Die Aberration des Menschlichen Auges und Ihre Messung , 1968 .

[16]  F JANSSON,et al.  Measurements of intraocular distances by ultrasound. , 1963, Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum.

[17]  M. Bando,et al.  Changes in Blue Fluorescence Intensity and Coloration of Human Lens Protein with Normal Lens Aging and Nuclear Cataract , 1976 .

[18]  T Behrendt,et al.  Investigation of fundus oculi with spectral reflectance photography. I. Depth and integrity of fundal structures. , 1966, Archives of ophthalmology.

[19]  F. Campbell,et al.  The minimum quantity of light required to elicit the accommodation reflex in man , 1954, The Journal of physiology.

[20]  Hofstetter Hw EMMETROPIZATION—BIOLOGICAL PROCESS OR MATHEMATICAL ARTIFACT?* , 1969 .

[21]  H. N. Magoun Thomas, Springfield, Illinois , 1965 .

[22]  U Halldén DIFFRACTION AND VISUAL RESOLUTION , 1973, Acta ophthalmologica.

[23]  M. Hollins,et al.  Does the central human retina stretch during accommodation? , 1974, Nature.

[24]  D. A. Owens A comparison of accommodative responsiveness and contrast sensitivity for sinusoidal gratings , 1980, Vision Research.

[25]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Modulation thresholds for sinusoidal light distributions on the retina , 1960, The Journal of physiology.

[26]  K N OGLE,et al.  Depth of focus of the human eye. , 1959, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[27]  P. Groot,et al.  A transient effect contingent on the direction of polarization of light incident on the cornea , 1979, Vision Research.

[28]  G. Benedek,et al.  Theory of transparency of the eye. , 1971, Applied optics.

[29]  F Rempt,et al.  Influence of correction of peripheral refractive errors on peripheral static vision. , 1976, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[30]  L C Norden Spectral reflectance photography of the ocular fundus. , 1979, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[31]  E. W. Marchand,et al.  Gradient Index Optics , 1978 .

[32]  M Millodot,et al.  Variation of visual acuity with contact lenses. A function of luminance. , 1969, Archives of ophthalmology.

[33]  M H Bornstein Developmental Pseudocyananopsia: Ontogenetic Change in Human Color Vision , 1977, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[34]  A Sorsby,et al.  Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction , 1973, Journal of medical genetics.

[35]  D. Maurice,et al.  A Simple Optical Apparatus for Measuring the Corneal Thickness, and the Average Thickness of the Human Cornea * , 1951, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[36]  Parker Ja Aspheric optics of the human lens. , 1972 .

[37]  F. W. Campbell,et al.  The role of the pupil light reflex in aiding adaptation to the dark , 1975, Vision Research.

[38]  G. J. Burton,et al.  Evidence for non-linear response processes in the human visual system from measurements on the thresholds of spatial beat frequencies. , 1973, Vision research.

[39]  R. Weale,et al.  Problems of Peripheral Vision * , 1956, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[40]  R. Tousey,et al.  The spherical aberration of the eye. , 1949, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[41]  J M Enoch,et al.  Optical modulation by the isolated retina and retinal receptors. , 1972, Vision research.

[42]  Arnold Sorsby,et al.  Ultrasonographic measurement of the components of ocular refraction in life: I. Technical considerations , 1963 .

[43]  Michael F. Land,et al.  Optics and Vision in Invertebrates , 1981 .

[44]  F. Toates,et al.  Accommodation function of the human eye. , 1972, Physiological reviews.

[45]  H. Davson Physiology of the Eye , 1953 .

[46]  David G. Cogan,et al.  SOME OCULAR PHENOMENA PRODUCED WITH POLARIZED LIGHT , 1941 .

[47]  F. Campbell,et al.  Correlation of accommodation between the two eyes. , 1960, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[48]  G A FRY,et al.  Retinal image formation: review, summary, and discussion. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[49]  R. J. Maddock,et al.  Accommodation responses and refractive error. , 1981, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[50]  W. Lotmar Theoretical Eye Model with Aspherics , 1971 .

[51]  A. Stanworth,et al.  Polarized Light Studies Of The Cornea: I. The Isolated Cornea , 1953 .

[52]  W. N. Charman,et al.  Spatial Frequency and the Dynamics of the Accommodation Response , 1979 .

[53]  Chris A. Johnson,et al.  Practice, refractive error, and feedback as factors influencing peripheral motion thresholds , 1974 .

[54]  W. Charman,et al.  Off-axis image quality in the human eye , 1981, Vision Research.

[55]  S. Duke-Elder,et al.  Ophthalmic optics and refraction , 1970 .

[56]  E F Fincham,et al.  Diffraction halos in normal and glaucomatous eyes , 1922 .

[57]  W. Stiles,et al.  The Luminous Efficiency of Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points , 1933 .

[58]  I C Wood,et al.  THE ACCOMMODATIVE RESPONSE IN AMBLYOPIA* , 1975, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[59]  R. Hemenger,et al.  Dichroism of the macular pigment and Haidinger's brushes. , 1982, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[60]  M. Sanders Handbook of Sensory Physiology , 1975 .

[61]  Rainer Röhler,et al.  Zur messung der modulationsübertragungsfunktion des lebenden menschlichen auges im reflektierten licht , 1969 .

[62]  J Tucker,et al.  The chromatic aberration of the eye between wavelengths 200 nm and 2000 nm: some theoretical considerations. , 1974, The British journal of physiological optics.

[63]  L Stark,et al.  Triple-function ocular monitor. , 1968, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[64]  R L Kerns CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE MERITS OF AN ASPHERIC FRONT SURFACE CONTACT LENS FOR PATIENTS MANIFESTING RESIDUAL ASTIGMATISM* , 1974, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[65]  B. Howland,et al.  A subjective method for the measurement of monochromatic aberrations of the eye. , 1977, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[66]  F Rempt,et al.  Acquired myopia in young pilots. , 1971, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[67]  R A Weale,et al.  Sex, age and the birefringence of the human crystalline lens. , 1979, Experimental eye research.

[68]  Peter J. de Groot Transient threshold increase due to combined changes in direction of propagation and plane of polarization , 1979, Vision Research.

[69]  Hermann Struve Beitrag zur Theorie der Diffraction an Fernröhren , 1882 .

[70]  M J ALLEN The influence of age on the speed of accommodation. , 1956, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[71]  E. Fincham,et al.  Accommodation and convergence in the absence of retinal images , 1962 .

[72]  H. Goldmann,et al.  Zur direkten Messung der Totalbrechkraft des lebenden menschlichen Auges , 1942 .

[73]  Helmut Krueger,et al.  An Apparatus for Continuous, Objective Measurement of Refraction of the Human Eye , 1973 .

[74]  W. Haidinger,et al.  Ueber das directe Erkennen des polarisirten Lichts und der Lage der Polarisationsebene , 1844 .

[75]  E. R. Berry,et al.  Ocular spectral characteristics as related to hazards from lasers and other light sources. , 1968, American journal of ophthalmology.

[76]  L Stark,et al.  Accommodation Dynamics I. Range Nonlinearity , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[77]  M J Wilson Structure of the corneal stroma. , 1970, Vision research.

[78]  I. Overington,et al.  Some Considerations of the Role of the Eye as a Component of an Imaging System , 1975 .

[79]  N Drasdo,et al.  Sampling systems for visual field assessment and computerised perimetry. , 1980, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[80]  Sami G. El Hage,et al.  The three-dimensional configuration of the cornea , 1976 .

[81]  R C Fitch PROCEDURAL EFFECTS ON THE MANIFEST HUMAN AMPLITUDE OF ACCOMMODATION* , 1971, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[82]  J. J. Vos,et al.  The effect of lens density on the Stiles-Crawford effect , 1975, Vision Research.

[83]  A SORSBY,et al.  Emmetropia and its aberrations. , 1956, Transactions. Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom.

[84]  D. Post,et al.  Birefringence of the cat cornea. , 1966, Experimental eye research.

[85]  W N Charman,et al.  Accommodation as a Function of Object Form , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[86]  Max Schultze,et al.  Ueber Stäbchen und Zapfen der Retina , 1867 .

[87]  H. Obstfeld,et al.  Optics in Vision , 1982, Visual Science and Engineering.

[88]  J. J. Vos,et al.  Ocular scattered light and visual performance as a function of age. , 1967, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[89]  D. Fender,et al.  CONTROL MECHANISMS OF THE EYE. , 1964, Scientific American.

[90]  G. Westheimer,et al.  Fluctuations of accommodation under steady viewing conditions , 1959, The Journal of physiology.

[91]  L J Bour MTF of the defocused optical system of the human eye for incoherent monochromatic light. , 1980, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[92]  Mitsuo Ikeda,et al.  Determination of Corneal Configuration by the Measurement of Its Derivatives , 1972 .

[93]  Michel Millodot,et al.  35 – Effect of the Aberrations of the Eye on Visual Perception , 1978 .

[94]  M Millodot,et al.  Effect of Ametropia on Peripheral Refraction , 1981, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[95]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Optical and motor factors in the formation of the retinal image. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[96]  B. N. Kishto,et al.  Variation of the visual threshold with retinal location: Part I. The central 20° of visual field Part II. The fovea , 1970 .

[97]  S. Lerman,et al.  Lens proteins and fluorescence. , 1972, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[98]  George B. Benedek,et al.  Intraocular light Scattering , 1973 .

[99]  Edward A. Boettner,et al.  Transmission of the Ocular Media , 1962 .

[100]  Michel Millodot,et al.  Contribution of the cornea and lens to the spherical aberration of the eye , 1979, Vision Research.

[101]  N Drasdo,et al.  Non-linear projection of the retinal image in a wide-angle schematic eye. , 1974, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[102]  W. Charman,et al.  Optical Image Quality in the Peripheral Retina , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[103]  W F Long Why is ocular astigmatism regular? , 1982, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[104]  O. W. Richards SOME SEEING PROBLEMS: SPECTACLES, COLOR, DRIVING AND DECLINE FROM AGE AND POOR LIGHTING* , 1972, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[105]  M. Alpern,et al.  Variability of accommodation during steady fixation at various levels of illuminance. , 1958, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[106]  L. Bour,et al.  On the birefringence of the living human eye , 1981, Vision Research.

[107]  Rainer Ro¨hler,et al.  Die abbildungseigenschaften der augenmedien , 1962 .

[108]  H. Schober,et al.  Accommodation During Observations with Optical Instruments , 1970 .

[109]  B. Howland,et al.  Subjective measurement of high-order aberrations of the eye. , 1976, Science.

[110]  R C Pruett,et al.  Monochromatic ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. The normal fundus. , 1977, Archives of ophthalmology.

[111]  Yves le Grand,et al.  Form and Space Vision , 1967 .

[112]  Erik Ingelstam,et al.  LOW‐LUMINANCE MYOPIA AS MEASURED WITH A LASER OPTOMETER , 1981 .

[113]  Charman Wn,et al.  Reflection of plane-polarized light by the retina. , 1980 .

[114]  H. Knoll,et al.  The effect of luminance, target configuration and lenses upon the refractive state of the eye. I. , 1956, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[115]  J. Baum,et al.  Central and peripheral corneal thickness. A clinical study. , 1968, Archives of ophthalmology.

[116]  R. Tousey,et al.  A Study of Night Myopia , 1951 .

[117]  E F FINCHAM,et al.  The Accommodation Reflex and its Stimulus * , 1951, The Journal of physiology.

[118]  L Frisén,et al.  Optical and neural resolution in peripheral vision. , 1975, Investigative ophthalmology.

[119]  M. O'Riordan Contact Lens Practice: Hard and Flexible Lenses , 1976 .

[120]  G Smith,et al.  OCULAR DEFOCUS, SPURIOUS RESOLUTION AND CONTRAST REVERSAL * , 1982, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[121]  R. Gubisch,et al.  Optical Performance of the Human Eye , 1967 .

[122]  R J Randle,et al.  THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF VISUAL ACCOMMODATION OVER A SEVEN ‐ DAY PERIOD* , 1974, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[123]  G Westheimer,et al.  Focusing responses of the human eye. , 1966, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[124]  M. Millodot,et al.  Effet des microfluctuations de l'accommodation sur l'acuite visuelle , 1968 .

[125]  B O'BRIEN,et al.  A theory of the Stiles and Crawford effect. , 1946, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[126]  J. J. Vos,et al.  Light profiles of the foveal image of a point source , 1976, Vision Research.

[127]  C. E. Ferree,et al.  REFRACTION FOR THE PERIPHERAL FIELD OF VISION , 1931 .

[128]  Richard A. Bone,et al.  The role of the macular pigment in the detection of polarized light , 1980, Vision Research.

[129]  A. Stanworth,et al.  The Polarization Optics of the Isolated Cornea * , 1950, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[130]  W. Charman,et al.  Objective measurements of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye , 1976, Vision Research.

[131]  M Millodot,et al.  The Discrepancy Between Retinoscopic and Subjective Refraction: Effect of Light Polarization , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[132]  Lo J. Bour,et al.  The influence of the spatial distribution of a target on the dynamic response and fluctuations of the accommodation of the human eye , 1981, Vision Research.

[133]  K H Spring,et al.  APPARENT SHAPE AND SIZE OF THE PUPIL VIEWED OBLIQUELY* , 1948, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[134]  Giglio Ej,et al.  Ultrasound--a diagnostic tool for the examination of the eye. , 1966 .

[135]  L. Ronchi,et al.  Absolute threshold before and after correction of oblique-ray astigmatism. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[136]  D A Palmer,et al.  Crystalline lens dispersion. , 1981, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[137]  Gundo Boehm,et al.  ÜBER EIN NEUES ENTOPTISCHES PHÄNOMEN IM POLARISIERTEN LICHT. »PERIPHERE« POLARISATIONSBÜSCHEL , 1940 .

[138]  D. Jackson Coleman,et al.  Ultrasonography of the eye and orbit , 1977 .

[139]  Smirnov Ms Measurement of the wave aberration of the human eye , 1961 .

[140]  J S Werner,et al.  Development of scotopic sensitivity and the absorption spectrum of the human ocular media. , 1982, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[141]  W. Charman,et al.  Reaction and Response Times for Accommodation , 1979, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[142]  H. Vries,et al.  Properties of the eye with respect to polarized light , 1953 .

[143]  K. Ruddock Light Transmission through the Ocular Media and Macular Pigment and its Significance for Psychophysical Investigation , 1972 .

[144]  Burkhart Fischer,et al.  Optische und neuronale grundlagen der visuellen bildübertragung: Einheitliche mathematische behandlung des retinalen bildes und der erregbarkeit von retinalen ganglienzellen mit hilfe der linearen systemtheorie , 1972 .

[145]  W Wijngaard Depolarization of plane-polarized light by light-guiding frog rods. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[146]  J. Gorrand,et al.  Diffusion of the human retina and quality of the optics of the eye on the fovea and the peripheral retina , 1979, Vision Research.

[147]  Meredith W. Morgan,et al.  ACCOMMODATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CONVERGENCE , 1944 .

[148]  Charman Wn,et al.  The optical quality of the monochromatic retinal image as a function of focus. , 1976 .

[149]  F. C. Donders Accommodation and refraction of the eye , 1979 .

[150]  R. A. Houstoun A Treatise on Light. , 1925, Nature.

[151]  I. Overington The importance of coherence of coupling when viewing through visual aids , 1973 .

[152]  G. J. van der Wildt,et al.  The Effect of Anticipation on the Transfer Function of the Human Lens System , 1974 .

[153]  L Frisén,et al.  RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIMETRIC ECCENTRICITY AND RETINAL LOCUS IN A HUMAN EYE , 1977 .

[154]  David G. Cogan,et al.  ACCOMMODATION AND THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM , 1937 .

[155]  M. Bando,et al.  Fluorescence in human lens. , 1973, Experimental eye research.

[156]  C. Johnson,et al.  Effects of luminance and stimulus distance on accommodation and visual resolution. , 1976, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[157]  G J Wang,et al.  Wide‐Angle Optical Model of the Eye , 1972, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[158]  E MARG,et al.  The amplitude of accommodation in presbyopia. , 1956, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[159]  Jay M. Enoch,et al.  Shift in the peak of the photopic Stiles-Crawford function with marked accommodation , 1975, Vision Research.

[160]  R. Weale,et al.  Notes on the photometric significance of the human crystalline lens , 1961 .

[161]  A. Hughes The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation , 1977 .

[162]  F. Campbell,et al.  A method for measuring the depth of field of the human eye. , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[163]  K. Wybar,et al.  The anatomy of the visual system , 1961 .

[164]  J. Parker,et al.  Aspheric curvatures for the human lens , 1977, Vision Research.

[165]  W. N. Charman,et al.  Pupil Diameter and the Depth-of-field of the Human Eye as Measured by Laser Speckle , 1977 .

[166]  H D Crane,et al.  Training the visual accommodation system. , 1973, Vision research.

[167]  J J VOS CONTRIBUTION OF THE FUNDUS OCULI TO ENTOPTIC SCATTER. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[168]  A IVANOFF On the influence of accommodation on spherical aberration in the human eye, an attempt to interpret night myopia. , 1947, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[169]  M L Wolbarsht,et al.  The corneal polarization cross. , 1978, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[170]  John Krauskopf,et al.  Light Distribution in Human Retinal Images , 1962 .

[171]  Horst König Die blendwirkung monochromatischen lichtes auf das menschliche auge , 1970 .

[172]  A. Hardy,et al.  Evaluation of a Total System-optics Plus Operator , 1973 .

[173]  Jenkins Tc ABERRATIONS OF THE EYE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON VISION. II. , 1963 .

[174]  Arnold Sorsby,et al.  ULtrasonographic measurement of the components of ocular refraction in life: 2. Clinical procedures: Ultrasonographic measurements compared with phakometric measurements in a series of 140 eyes , 1963 .

[175]  G. Wyszecki,et al.  Axial chromatic aberration of the human eye. , 1957, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[176]  R. M. Clements,et al.  Physical model for Haidinger's brush. , 1970, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[177]  A P Cullen,et al.  FUNDUS EXAMINATION WITH RESTRICTED SPECTRUM LIGHT* , 1971, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[178]  L. Strackee,et al.  Dichroism in the retina at −196°C , 1970 .

[179]  J M ENOCH,et al.  The effects of blur upon perimetric thresholds. A method for determining a quantitative estimate of retinal contour. , 1962, Archives of ophthalmology.

[180]  R. A. Weale On the spectral sensitivity of the human retina to light which it has scattered , 1976, Vision Research.

[181]  Michel Millodot,et al.  Refraction of the periphery of the eye , 1974 .

[182]  Ida Mann,et al.  The Development of the Human Eye , 1928, Nature.

[183]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Accommodation measurements in empty visual fields. , 1957, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[184]  F. Campbell,et al.  Optical quality of the human eye , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[185]  Fred H. Perrin,et al.  Studies in the Resolving Power of Photographic Emulsions. III. The Effect of the Relative Aperture of the Camera Lens on the Measured Value , 1951 .

[186]  E. H. Linfoot,et al.  Phase Distribution near Focus in an Aberration-free Diffraction Image , 1956 .

[187]  E. Hess ATTITUDE AND PUPIL SIZE. , 1965, Scientific American.

[188]  R. Hart,et al.  Light scattering in the cornea. , 1969, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[189]  H. Vries,et al.  Properties of the Human Eye with respect to Linearly and Circularly Polarized Light , 1950, Nature.

[190]  A. Laties,et al.  Photoreceptor Orientation in the Primate Eye , 1968, Nature.

[191]  W N Charman,et al.  Accommodation and color. , 1978, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[192]  J M Gorrand,et al.  Contributions of the retina and of the eye optical system to the modulation lowering of the aerial image , 1978 .

[193]  J. J. Vos,et al.  CONTRIBUTION OF THE RETINA TO ENTOPTIC SCATTER. , 1964, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[194]  Barry A. J. Clark,et al.  MEAN TOPOGRAPHY OF NORMAL CORNEAS , 1974 .

[195]  D. Maurice,et al.  The transparency of the corneal stroma. , 1970, Vision research.

[196]  P. Kiely,et al.  The Mean Shape of the Human Cornea , 1982 .

[197]  H. H. Hopkins The frequency response of a defocused optical system , 1955, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[198]  Françoise Berny Etude de la formation des images retiniennes et determination de l'aberration de sphericite de l'oeil humain , 1969 .

[199]  A Sorsby,et al.  Steiger on refraction: a reappraisal. , 1981, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[200]  H W Leibowitz,et al.  Night myopia and the intermediate dark focus of accommodation. , 1975, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[201]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Dynamics of accommodation responses of the human eye , 1960, The Journal of physiology.

[202]  G. M. Byram The Physical and Photochemical Basis of Visual Resolving PowerPart I. The Distribution of Illumination in Retinal Images , 1944 .

[203]  G. Wald,et al.  The change in refractive power of the human eye in dim and bright light. , 1947, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[204]  R. Weale,et al.  The variation with age of the spectral transmissivity of the living human crystalline lens. , 1959, Gerontologia.

[205]  Walter T Welford,et al.  Aberrations of the symmetrical optical system , 1974 .

[206]  B. F. Hochheimer,et al.  Polarized light retinal photography of a monkey eye , 1978, Vision Research.

[207]  George M. Byram,et al.  The Physical and Photochemical Basis of Visual Resolving PowerPart II. Visual Acuity and the Photochemistry of the Retina , 1944 .

[208]  R. Weale,et al.  The aging eye , 1963 .

[209]  D. G. Green Regional variations in the visual acuity for interference fringes on the retina , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[210]  O. Dupuy,et al.  La perception visuelle , 1968 .

[211]  J. Jennings,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL REFRACTION ON CRITICAL FUSION FREQUENCY , 1981, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[212]  G Westheimer,et al.  Pupil size and visual resolution. , 1964, Vision research.

[213]  J. Sivak,et al.  Chromatic dispersion of the ocular media , 1982, Vision Research.

[214]  Francis Arthur Jenkins,et al.  Fundamentals of Optics , 1976 .

[215]  J. M. Woodhouse,et al.  The effect of pupil size on grating detection at various contrast levels , 1975, Vision Research.

[216]  J. J. Vos,et al.  Spectral transmission of the human ocular media. , 1974, Vision research.

[217]  J. Baker,et al.  Experiments on the function of the eye in light microscopy , 1966 .

[218]  B O'BRIEN,et al.  The Stiles and Crawford effect in polarized light. , 1947, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[219]  M Millodot,et al.  The Discrepancy between Retinoscopic and Subjective Measurements: Effect of Age , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[220]  N. Chin,et al.  Infrared skiascopic measurements of refractive changes in dim illumination and in darkness. , 1956, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[221]  G. Westheimer,et al.  Light distribution in the image formed by the living human eye. , 1962, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[222]  Lo J. Bour,et al.  Directional sensitivity of photoreceptors for different degrees of coherence and directions of polarization of the incident light , 1979, Vision Research.

[223]  S Phillips,et al.  ANALYSIS OF ACCOMMODATIVE RESPONSE TIMES USING HISTOGRAM INFORMATION* , 1972, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[224]  G A FRY Blur of the retinal image. , 1955, The British journal of physiological optics.

[225]  D. Maurice,et al.  The Cornea and Sclera , 1962 .

[226]  Jay M. Enoch,et al.  On voluntary ocular accommodation , 1975 .

[227]  R. Home,et al.  Measurement of the Preferred Binocular Dioptric Settings at a High and Low Light Level , 1977 .

[228]  A. Sorsby,et al.  Correlation ametropia and component ametropia , 1962 .

[229]  H. W. Leibowitz,et al.  The fixation point as a stimulus for accommodation , 1975, Vision Research.

[230]  E S Gragoudas,et al.  Examination of the ocular fundus with monochromatic light. , 1976, Annals of ophthalmology.

[231]  M Millodot,et al.  Influence of accommodation on the chromatic aberration of the eye. , 1973, The British journal of physiological optics.

[232]  R M BOYNTON,et al.  SOURCES OF ENTOPTIC SCATTER IN THE HUMAN EYE. , 1964, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[233]  H W Leibowitz,et al.  Anomalous myopias and the intermediate dark focus of accommodation. , 1975, Science.

[234]  F. Berny,et al.  Contribution of the crystalline lens to the spherical aberration of the eye. , 1973, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[235]  T Feuk,et al.  On the transparency of the stroma in the mammalian cornea. , 1970, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[236]  A. C. S. van Heel Correcting the Spherical and Chromatic Aberrations of the Eye , 1946 .

[237]  D. Maurice,et al.  The Use of Fluorescein in Ophthalmological Research : The Jonas S. Friedenwald Memorial Lecture , 1967 .

[238]  J Mellerio,et al.  Light absorption and scatter in the human lens. , 1971, Vision research.

[239]  C. C. D. Shute Haidinger's brushes , 1978, Vision Research.

[240]  Charman Wn,et al.  Effect of refractive error in visual tests with sinusoidal gratings. , 1979 .

[241]  Emil Wolf,et al.  Principles of Optics: Contents , 1999 .

[242]  W N Charman,et al.  THE DEPTH‐OF‐FOCUS OF THE HUMAN EYE FOR SNELLEN LETTERS* , 1975, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[243]  J M Enoch,et al.  MARKED ACCOMMODATION, RETINAL STRETCH, MONOCULAR SPACE PERCEPTION AND RETINAL RECEPTOR ORIENTATION * , 1975, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[244]  L L SLOAN,et al.  The threshold gradients of the rods and the cones; in the dark-adapted and in the partially light-adapted eye. , 1950, American journal of ophthalmology.

[245]  W. Lotmar,et al.  Peripheral astigmatism in the human eye: experimental data and theoretical model predictions. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[246]  W F Hoyt,et al.  Fundoscopic appearance of a nerve-fibre-bundle defect. , 1972, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[247]  G. van den Brink,et al.  Measurements of the geometrical aberrations of the eye , 1962 .

[248]  I Overington Interaction of vision with optical aids. , 1973, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[249]  E. Naylor,et al.  The Structure of the Cornea as Revealed by Polarized Light , 1953 .

[250]  G. Westheimer Diffraction Theory and Visual Hyperacuity* , 1976, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[251]  Chris A. Johnson,et al.  Effect of dioptrics on peripheral visual acuity , 1975, Vision Research.

[252]  D. G. Green,et al.  Visual resolution when light enters the eye through different parts of the pupil , 1967, The Journal of physiology.

[253]  A. Ivanoff,et al.  About the spherical aberration of the eye. , 1956, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[254]  R. J. Weber,et al.  The visual accommodation response during concurrent mental activity , 1980, Perception & psychophysics.

[255]  B. Patnaik,et al.  A photographic study of accommodative mechanisms: changes in the lens nucleus during accommodation. , 1967, Investigative ophthalmology.

[256]  Ernst H. Bárány THE STILES‐CRAWFORD PHENOMENON IN POLARISED LIGHT , 1946 .

[257]  F. Berny,et al.  Correlation de phase entre deux sources formees sur une surface diffusante. application a la retine humaine , 1972 .

[258]  V. Buren,et al.  The Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer , 1964 .

[259]  F. Campbell,et al.  The effect of chromatic aberration on visual acuity , 1967, The Journal of physiology.

[260]  J M Enoch,et al.  Optical modulation by the isolated human fovea. , 1972, Vision research.

[261]  J. J. Vos,et al.  Contribution of the cornea to entoptic scatter. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[262]  R A Weale,et al.  Macular pigment and chromatic aberration. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[263]  Takeo Iida,et al.  The effect of pupil size on accommodation , 1976, Vision Research.

[264]  Prechtel La,et al.  Corneal topography and its application to contact lenses. , 1970 .

[265]  Janette Atkinson,et al.  A photorefractive study of dark focus and refraction , 1981, Vision Research.

[266]  Henry A. Knoll,et al.  A brief history of "Nocturnal myopia" and related phenomena. , 1952, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[267]  John Krauskopf,et al.  Further Measurements of Human Retinal Images , 1964 .

[268]  L G Carney,et al.  REFRACTIVE INDEX AND REFLECTANCE OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE CORNEA* , 1971, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[269]  E Taylor,et al.  Calculation of total retinal area. , 1971, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[270]  P W Miles ERRORS IN SPACE PERCEPTION DUE TO ACCOMMODATIVE RETINAL ADVANCE* , 1975, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[271]  L Frisén,et al.  Relationship between perimetric eccentricity and retinal locus in a human eye. Comparison with theoretical calculations. , 1977, Acta ophthalmologica.

[272]  R M BOYNTON,et al.  Retinal distribution of entoptic stray light. , 1958, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[273]  W. Charman,et al.  The refraction of the eye in the relation to spherical aberration and pupil size. , 1978, The British journal of physiological optics.

[274]  D. Maurice The structure and transparency of the cornea , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[275]  D. G. Green,et al.  Optical and retinal factors affecting visual resolution. , 1965, The Journal of physiology.

[276]  Raymond E. Records,et al.  Physiology of the human eye and visual system , 1979 .

[277]  Glenn A. Fry,et al.  II The Optical Performance of the Human Eye , 1970 .

[278]  C. E. Ferree,et al.  INTERPRETATION OF REFRACTIVE CONDITIONS IN THE PERIPHERAL FIELD OF VISION: A FURTHER STUDY , 1933 .

[279]  George Biddell Airy,et al.  On the diffraction of an object-glass with circular aperture , 1835 .

[280]  H Krueger,et al.  On the approximation of the optical modulation transfer function (MTF) by analytical functions. , 1973, Vision research.

[281]  Francis Heed Adler,et al.  Adler's Physiology of the eye;: Clinical application , 1976 .

[282]  A. Stanworth,et al.  Retinal pigment and the Haidinger effect , 1954, The Journal of physiology.

[283]  W. Charman,et al.  Ametropia and peripheral refraction. , 1982, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[284]  A Sorsby,et al.  X -ray measurement of the diameters of the living eye , 1947, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[285]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Factors influencing accommodation responses of the human eye. , 1959, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[286]  B. S. Jay,et al.  The effective pupillary area at varying perimetric angles , 1962 .

[287]  E J NAYLOR Polarized Light Studies of Corneal Structure * , 1953, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[288]  C. Shute,et al.  Haidinger's brushes and predominant orientation of collagen in corneal stroma , 1974, Nature.

[289]  Harold Metcalf Stiles-Crawford Apodization , 1965 .

[290]  A. Sorsby,et al.  Measurement of the Diameters of the Living Eye by Means of X-Rays , 1945, Nature.

[291]  P B Kruger,et al.  The Effect of Cognitive Demand on Accommodation , 1980, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[292]  W. J. Schmidt Polarisationsoptische Analyse eines Eiweiß-Lipoid-Systems, erläutert am Außenglied der Sehzellen , 1938 .

[293]  M. A. Bouman,et al.  Spatial Modulation Transfer in the Human Eye , 1967 .

[294]  A. Stanworth,et al.  Haidinger's Brushes and the Retinal Receptors * , 1950, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[295]  A. Stanworth,et al.  The measurement and clinical significance of the Haidinger effect. , 1955, Transactions. Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom.

[296]  F A Dixon,et al.  The Influence of Aberration and Detector Response on Optical Images , 1960 .

[297]  L. L. Holladay The Fundamentals of Glare and Visibility , 1926 .

[298]  J M Enoch Effect of substantial accommodation on total retinal area. , 1973, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[299]  L. Wilson,et al.  SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE RETINA. , 1965, American journal of ophthalmology.

[300]  J. W. Blaker,et al.  Toward an adaptive model of the human eye. , 1980, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[301]  R. S. Longhurst Geometrical and Physical Optics , 1967 .

[302]  Hofstetter Hw A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AMPLITUDE CHANGES IN PRESBYOPIA. , 1965 .

[303]  H W Leibowitz,et al.  Night Myopia: Cause and a Possible Basis for Amelioration* , 1976, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[304]  E. Denton,et al.  The contributions of the orientated photosensitive and other molecules to the absorption of whole retina , 1959, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[305]  David M. Cockburn Colour Infrared Photography of the Ocular Fundus , 1976 .

[306]  N Roth Startling noise and resting refractive state. , 1966, The British journal of physiological optics.

[307]  M Millodot,et al.  THE CORTICAL COUNTERPART OF THE CHROMATIC ABERRATION OF THE EYE* , 1974, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[308]  Gundo Boehm,et al.  ÜBER MAGULARE (HAIDINGER'SCHE) POLARISATIONSBÜSCHEL UND ÜBER EINEN POLARISATIONSOPTISCHEN FEHLER DES AUGES. 1 , 1940 .

[309]  R. Carpenter,et al.  Movements of the Eyes , 1978 .

[310]  G WESTHEIMER,et al.  Significance of fluctuations of accommodation. , 1958, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[311]  O. W. Richards Instrument Myopia—Microscopy* , 1976, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[312]  F. W. Campbell,et al.  Effect of Focus on the Visual Response to a Sinusoidally Modulated Spatial Stimulus , 1965 .

[313]  L M Smithline Accommodative response to blur. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[314]  M Millodot,et al.  VARIATION OF VISUAL ACUITY WITH SOFT CONTACT LENSES: A FUNCTION OF LUMINANCE* , 1975, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[315]  G C SIMPSON,et al.  Ocular Haloes and Coronas * , 1953, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[316]  Jacques Simon,et al.  Optometre enregistreur des microfluctuations d'accommodation , 1977, Vision Research.

[317]  R. A. Weale The eye and ageing , 1977 .

[318]  C. F. Stromeyer,et al.  Adaptation to polarized light in humans , 1982, Vision Research.

[319]  H W Leibowitz,et al.  Peripheral Motion Detection and Refractive Error , 1972, Science.

[320]  J M Enoch,et al.  Monocular Spatial Distortions Induced by Marked Accommodation , 1973, Science.

[321]  R L Dallow,et al.  Color infrared photography of the ocular fundus. , 1974, Archives of ophthalmology.

[322]  J. Simon,et al.  Influence of the size of test field employed in measurements of modulation transfer function of the eye. , 1973, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[323]  R. W. Ditchburn Eye-movements and visual perception , 1973 .

[324]  W. Hughes,et al.  Ultrasonics in ocular diagnosis. , 1956, American journal of ophthalmology.

[325]  N. Brown,et al.  The change in shape and internal form of the lens of the eye on accommodation. , 1973, Experimental eye research.

[326]  A. van Meeteren,et al.  Calculations on the Optical Modulation Transfer Function of the Human Eye for White Light , 1974 .

[327]  R E HOPKINS,et al.  Creative thinking and computing machines in optical design. , 1962, Journal of the Optical Society of America.