IP routing issues in satellite constellation networks

SUMMARY The growth in use of Internet-based applications in recent years has led to telecommunication networks transporting an increasingly large amount of Internet Protocol (IP)-based traffic. Proposed broadband satellite constellation networks, currently under development, will be required to transport IP traffic. A case can be made for implementing IP routing directly within the constellation network, in order to transport IP traffic well and to provide good support for IP multicast and for emerging IP-based Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. This paper examines strategies for implementing and operating IP routing effectively within satellite constellation networks, given known constraints on the constellation resulting from satellite mobility, global visibility, routing and addressing.

[1]  Gary Scott Malkin,et al.  RIP Version 2 , 1998, RFC.

[2]  Joel M. Halpern,et al.  Classical IP and ARP over ATM , 1998, RFC.

[3]  Catherine Rosenberg,et al.  QoS guarantees for multimedia services on a TDMA-based satellite network , 1997, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[4]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  A connection handover protocol for LEO satellite ATM networks , 1997, MobiCom '97.

[5]  Nicholas F. Maxemchuk,et al.  Routing in the Manhattan Street Network , 1987, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[6]  Eugene H. Spafford,et al.  Classical IP and ARP over ATM , 1995 .

[7]  George Pavlou,et al.  Supporting differentiated services in MPLS networks , 1999, 1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354).

[8]  Ram Dantu,et al.  Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP , 2002, RFC.

[9]  Gerard Maral,et al.  VSAT Networks , 1995 .

[10]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) , 1994, RFC.

[11]  R. Braden,et al.  Resource reSer Vation Protocol (RSVP) , 1997 .

[12]  Kannan Varadhan.  BGP OSPF Interaction , 1992, RFC.

[13]  Zheng Wang,et al.  An Architecture for Differentiated Services , 1998, RFC.

[14]  David C. Plummer,et al.  Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48.bit Ethernet Address for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware , 1982, RFC.

[15]  Francois Le Faucheur,et al.  MPLS Support of Differentiated Services by ATM LSRs and Frame Relay LSRs , 1999 .

[16]  Markus Werner,et al.  ATM-Based Routing in LEO/MEO Satellite Networks with Intersatellite Links , 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[17]  David L. Black,et al.  An Architecture for Differentiated Service , 1998 .

[18]  William C. Fenner.  Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 , 1997, RFC.

[19]  Dave Katz,et al.  Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet , 1990, RFC.

[20]  J. Walker.  Some circular orbit patterns providing continuous whole earth coverage. , 1970 .

[21]  Eric C. Rosen,et al.  Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture , 2001, RFC.

[22]  Matt Holdrege,et al.  Protocol Complications with the IP Network Address Translator , 2001, RFC.

[23]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet , 1995, RFC.

[24]  Vinton G. Cerf.  Packet Satellite Technology Reference Sources , 1982, Data Networks with Satellites.

[25]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6 , 1996, RFC.

[26]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol , 1988, RFC.

[27]  Mostafa H. Ammar,et al.  Multicast Server Architectures for MARS-based ATM multicasting , 1997, RFC.

[28]  John Moy,et al.  OSPF Version 2 , 1998, RFC.

[29]  K. K. Ramakrishnan,et al.  A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP , 1999, RFC.

[30]  J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  The ordered core based tree protocol , 1997, Proceedings of INFOCOM '97.

[31]  Van Jacobson,et al.  TCP Extensions for High Performance , 1992, RFC.

[32]  George Swallow,et al.  A framework for multiprotocol label switching , 1999 .

[33]  Zhili Sun,et al.  Supporting group applications via satellite constellations with multicast , 1998 .

[34]  Hugo Krawczyk,et al.  A Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol , 1999, IBM Syst. J..

[35]  Jerome H. Saltzer,et al.  End-to-end arguments in system design , 1984, TOCS.

[36]  Vern Paxson,et al.  TCP Congestion Control , 1999, RFC.

[37]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification , 1997, RFC.

[38]  Lloyd Wood,et al.  Network performance of non-geostationary constellations equipped with intersatellite links , 1995 .

[39]  James V. Luciani.  Classical IP and ARP over ATM to NHRP Transition , 1998, RFC.

[40]  Matt Holdrege,et al.  IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations , 1999, RFC.

[41]  A.H. Ballard,et al.  Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[42]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Path MTU discovery , 1990, RFC.

[43]  Randall J. Atkinson,et al.  Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol , 1995, RFC.

[44]  David L. Black,et al.  Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers , 1998, RFC.

[45]  Hans Eriksson,et al.  MBONE: the multicast backbone , 1994, CACM.

[46]  Srinivasan Keshav,et al.  Issues and trends in router design , 1998, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[47]  Sally Floyd,et al.  TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options , 1996 .

[48]  Markus Werner,et al.  A Dynamic Routing Concept for ATM-Based Satellite Personal Communication Networks , 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[49]  John Day.  The Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection , 1989 .

[50]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture : an Overview Status of this Memo , 1994 .