Abstract Background: Ross syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of segmental anhidrosis, areflexia, and tonic pupils. Fewer than 60 cases have been described in literature so far. There have been reports of presence of antibodies in such patients, suggesting an autoimmune pathogenesis. Methods: We describe the clinical profile in this case series of 11 patients with Ross syndrome and discuss the current status of autoimmunity in its pathogenesis and the management. Results: Of the 11 patients with Ross syndrome there was an almost equal sex distribution (male:female ratio was 1.17:1) and the mean age of onset of symptoms was 26 years. Patients took an average of 6 years to present to a tertiary center. Sixty-three percent of the patients presented with complaints of excessive sweating, whereas only 27% had complaints of decreased sweating over a particular area of the body. Only 45% of the patients had the complete triad of Ross syndrome, which included segmental anhidrosis, tonic pupil, and absent reflexes. Eighty-nine percent of the patients had documented absent sympathetic skin response on electromyography. The various markers of autoimmunity were negative in all patients who were investigated for the same in this series. Ninety percent of the patients were managed conservatively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in Ross syndrome, generalized injury to ganglion cells or their projections are not purely autoimmune-mediated. RÉSUMÉ Le syndrome de Ross est-il une affection auto-immune ? Une étude de série de cas chez 11 patients. Contexte: Le syndrome de Ross est diagnostiqué par la présence d’anhidrose segmentaire, d’aréflexie et d’anomalies de la fonction pupillaire (pupilles toniques). Moins de 60 cas ont été décrits jusqu’à maintenant dans la littérature scientifique. La présence d’anticorps a été signalée chez ces patients, ce qui suggère une pathogénèse auto-immune. Méthodes: Nous entendons décrire le profil clinique de 11 patients atteints du syndrome de Ross et aborder le thème de l’auto-immunité en ce qui a trait à sa pathogénèse et à la gestion thérapeutique procurée. Résultats: Sur 11 patients atteints du syndrome de Ross, hommes et femmes étaient répartis dans des proportions presque égales (rapport hommes-femmes de 1,17 à 1). L’âge moyen de l’apparition des premiers symptômes était de 26 ans. En moyenne, les patients ont attendu 6 ans avant de se présenter à un centre de soins tertiaires. Près de 63 % d’entre eux ont fait état d’une transpiration excessive tandis que seulement 27 % ont rapporté une transpiration insuffisante affectant une région particulière de leur corps. Fait à noter, seulement 45% des patients ont dit ressentir la triade de symptômes associés au syndrome de Ross, ce qui inclut l’anhidrose segmentaire, une anomalie de la fonction pupillaire (pupille tonique) et une absence de réflexes. De plus, 89 % des patients ont rapporté une absence de réponse cutanée sympathique au moment d’une électromyographie. Les différents marqueurs spécifiques à l’auto-immunité se sont révélés négatifs chez tous les patients de cette série ayant fait l’objet d’un examen pour les mêmes motifs. Enfin, 90 % des patients ont été traités au moyen de mesures thérapeutiques moins lourdes et non invasives. Conclusions: Dans le cas du syndrome de Ross, ces résultats nous portent à croire que des dommages généralisés aux cellules ganglionnaires ou à leurs projections ne sont pas uniquement d’origine auto-immunitaire.
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