Methods for studying treefall gaps: A review
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] D. Marceau,et al. Simulating the impact of small-scale extrinsic disturbances over forest species volumetric light environment , 2005 .
[2] J. Bockheim,et al. The effects of gap disturbance on nitrogen cycling and retention in late-successional northern hardwood–hemlock forests , 2008 .
[3] J. Arévalo,et al. Treefall Gaps and Regeneration Composition in the Laurel Forest of Anaga (Tenerife): a Matter of Size? , 2007, Plant Ecology.
[4] S. Pickett,et al. Influence of canopy opening on the environment and herb layer in a northern hardwoods forest , 1987, Vegetatio.
[5] J. Denslow. TROPICAL RAINFOREST GAPS AND TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY , 1987 .
[6] K. Woods. Long‐term change and spatial pattern in a late‐successional hemlock–northern hardwood forest , 2000 .
[7] L. Vesterdal,et al. Losses of nitrate from gaps of different sizes in a managed beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest , 2005 .
[8] J. Bockheim,et al. Pedodiversity in an old-growth northern hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains, Upper Peninsula, Michigan , 2007 .
[9] D. Burslem,et al. Modelling Direct Radiation and Canopy Gap Regimes in Tropical Forests , 2008 .
[10] A. Ellison,et al. Treefall gap size effects on above‐ and below‐ground processes in a tropical wet forest , 1998 .
[11] Charles W. Lafon. Ice-storm disturbance and long-term forest dynamics in the Adirondack Mountains , 2004 .
[12] R. M. Block,et al. Quantifying Harvesting Impacts using Soil Compaction and Disturbance Regimes at a Landscape Scale , 2002 .
[13] Jacob J. Hanson,et al. Forest structure and light regimes following moderate wind storms: implications for multi-cohort management. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
[14] J. Mccarthy,et al. Gap dynamics of forest trees: A review with particular attention to boreal forests , 2001 .
[15] B. Singh,et al. In situ immobilization of metals in contaminated or naturally metal-rich soils , 2001 .
[16] D. Mladenoff. Dynamics of Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Hemlock and Hardwood Treefall Gaps , 1987 .
[17] J. Bockheim,et al. Impacts of forest gaps on soil properties and processes in old growth northern hardwood-hemlock forests , 2007, Plant and Soil.
[18] Hisashi Sato,et al. Simulation of the vegetation structure and function in a Malaysian tropical rain forest using the individual-based dynamic vegetation model SEIB-DGVM , 2009 .
[19] A. Brunner. A light model for spatially explicit forest stand models , 1996 .
[20] Barton D. Clinton,et al. Catastrophic windthrow in the Southern Appalachians: characteristics of pits and mounds and initial vegetation responses , 2000 .
[21] J. P. Kimmins,et al. Disturbance and succession in a coniferous forest of northwestern North America: simulations with DRYADES, a spatial gap model. , 2000 .
[22] Donald M. Windsor,et al. The ecology of a tropical forest. Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. , 1984 .
[23] R. Oldeman,et al. Architecture and energy exchange of dicotyledonous trees in the forest , 1978 .
[24] N. Brokaw,et al. Chapter 4 – Treefalls, Regrowth, and Community Structure in Tropical Forests , 1985 .
[25] P. Green. Canopy gaps in rain forest on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: size distribution and methods of measurement , 1996, Journal of Tropical Ecology.
[26] Danielle J. Marceau,et al. Quantifying gap dynamics at the patch mosaic level using a spatially-explicit model of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem , 2001 .
[27] A. Itaya,et al. Long‐term canopy dynamics in a large area of temperate old‐growth beech (Fagus crenata) forest: analysis by aerial photographs and digital elevation models , 2004 .
[28] A. Watt,et al. Pattern and process in the plant community , 1947 .
[29] Yoh Iwasa,et al. Forest gap dynamics and the Ising model. , 2004, Journal of theoretical biology.
[30] Andreas Huth,et al. The effects of tree species grouping in tropical rainforest modelling: Simulations with the individual-based model Formind , 1998 .
[31] H. Bugmann. A Review of Forest Gap Models , 2001 .
[32] Robert J. Pabst,et al. Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range , 2008 .
[33] Dean L. Urban,et al. Transition and Gap Models of Forest Dynamics , 1995 .
[34] Benoît St-Onge,et al. Spatially explicit characterization of boreal forest gap dynamics using multi-temporal lidar data , 2008 .
[35] D. Hibbs. Gap dynamics in a hemlock–hardwood forest , 1982 .
[36] Y. Iwasa,et al. Direction of regeneration waves in grid-based models for forest dynamics. , 2006, Journal of theoretical biology.
[37] D. Burslem,et al. Soil drying in a tropical forest : Three distinct environments controlled by gap size , 2008 .
[38] J. R. Runkle. Gap Regeneration in Some Old-growth Forests of the Eastern United States , 1981 .
[39] G. L. Martin,et al. A crown model for simulating long-term stand and gap dynamics in northern hardwood forests , 2001 .
[40] James R. Runkle,et al. PATTERNS OF DISTURBANCE IN SOME OLD-GROWTH MESIC FORESTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA' , 1982 .
[41] Craig G. Lorimer,et al. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests , 1989 .
[42] Edwin M. Everham,et al. Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind , 1996, The Botanical Review.
[43] John A. Silander,et al. Juvenile Tree Survivorship as a Component of Shade Tolerance , 1995 .
[44] Steward T. A. Pickett,et al. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , 1985 .
[45] L. Östlund,et al. Retrospective gap analysis in a Swedish boreal forest landscape using historical data , 2001 .
[46] Toshiya Yoshida,et al. An empirical model for predicting the gap light index in an even-aged oak stand , 1998 .
[47] E. Ritter. Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in newly formed gaps in a Danish beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest , 2005 .
[48] J. Bockheim,et al. Gaps and Soil C Dynamics in Old Growth Northern Hardwood–Hemlock Forests , 2008, Ecosystems.
[49] Y. Boucher,et al. Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada , 2009, Landscape Ecology.
[50] James R. Runkle,et al. Guidelines and sample protocol for sampling forest gaps. , 1992 .
[51] R. O'Neill,et al. A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: Disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes , 1993, Landscape Ecology.
[52] R. A. Lima,et al. Gap size measurement : The proposal of a new field method , 2005 .
[53] C. Uhl,et al. Vegetation Dynamics in Amazonian Treefall Gaps , 1988 .
[54] Y. Bergeron,et al. Gap dynamics and replacement patterns in gaps of the northeastern boreal forest of Quebec , 2004 .
[55] Jessica L. Howard,et al. The influence of canopy gaps on overstory tree and forest growth rates in a mature mixed-age, mixed-species forest , 2004 .
[56] J. Bogaert,et al. Influence of tree-fall orientation on canopy gap shape in an Ecuadorian rain forest , 1998, Journal of Tropical Ecology.
[57] A. Itaya,et al. Long‐term canopy dynamics analysed by aerial photographs in a temperate old‐growth evergreen broad‐leaved forest , 2003 .
[58] Y. Bergeron,et al. CANOPY GAP CHARACTERISTICS AND TREE REPLACEMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BOREAL FOREST , 1998 .
[59] P. White,et al. Species Diversity and Small-Scale Disturbance in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest: A Consideration of Gap Partitioning Concepts , 1997 .
[60] P. White,et al. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , 1986 .
[61] D. Lindenmayer,et al. Conserving Forest Biodiversity: A Comprehensive, Multiscaled Approach , 2002 .
[62] F. Courchesne,et al. Regression equations for estimating throughfall nutrient fluxes using wet deposition data and their applicability for simulating the soil acid-base status using the dynamic forest soil-atmosphere model SAFE , 2004 .
[63] W. Platt,et al. Replacement Patterns of Beech and Sugar Maple in Warren Woods, Michigan , 1996 .
[64] M. Anand,et al. Propagation of local interactions create global gap structure and dynamics in a tropical rainforest. , 2007, Journal of theoretical biology.
[65] T. Naaf,et al. Effects of gap size, light and herbivory on the herb layer vegetation in European beech forest gaps , 2007 .
[66] H. Shugart. A Theory of Forest Dynamics , 1984 .
[67] Charles D. Canham,et al. An Index For Understory Light Levels in and Around Canopy Gaps , 1988 .
[68] T. C. Whitmore,et al. Canopy Gaps and the Two Major Groups of Forest Trees , 1989 .
[69] S. Wagner,et al. Gap structure and establishment of Silver birch regeneration (Betula pendula Roth.) in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.) , 2006 .
[70] S. Reutebuch,et al. An Assessment of Soil Disturbance from Five Harvesting Intensities , 1999 .
[71] C. Lorimer,et al. Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands , 1996 .
[72] S. Pacala,et al. Forest models defined by field measurements : Estimation, error analysis and dynamics , 1996 .
[73] P. Grubb. THE MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES‐RICHNESS IN PLANT COMMUNITIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGENERATION NICHE , 1977 .
[74] Kazukiyo Yamamoto. Estimation of the canopy-gap size using two photographs taken at different heights , 2000, Ecological Research.
[75] David R. Foster,et al. FOREST RESPONSE TO CATASTROPHIC WIND: RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL HURRICANE , 1999 .
[76] K. Harper,et al. Gap disturbances in northern old-growth forests of British Columbia, Canada , 2002 .
[77] A. Muscolo,et al. Influence of gap size on organic matter decomposition, microbial biomass and nutrient cycle in Calabrian pine (Pinus laricio, Poiret) stands , 2007 .
[78] N. Brokaw,et al. The definition of treefall gap and its effect on measures of forest dynamics. , 1982 .
[79] M. Keller,et al. An ecosystem model for tropical forest disturbance and selective logging , 2008 .
[80] P. White. Pattern, process, and natural disturbance in vegetation , 1979, The Botanical Review.
[81] R. Tripathi,et al. Microenvironmental variability and species diversity in treefall gaps in a sub-tropical broadleaved forest , 1992, Vegetatio.
[82] Y. Bergeron,et al. Small gap dynamics in the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada: Do canopy gaps influence stand development? , 2007 .
[83] H. Bruelheide,et al. The response of the pseudoannual species Trientalis europaea L. to forest gap dynamics in a near-natural spruce forest , 2009 .
[84] Yoh Iwasa,et al. Forest Spatial Dynamics with Gap Expansion: Total Gap Area and Gap Size Distribution , 1996 .
[85] A. Itaya,et al. Long-term canopy dynamics analyzed by aerial photographs and digital elevation data in a subalpine old-growth coniferous forest , 2006 .
[86] D. Mladenoff. The relationship of the soil seed bank and understory vegetation in old-growth northern hardwood-hemlock treefall gaps , 1990 .
[87] G. H. Stewart,et al. Forest canopy gap detection and characterisation by the use of high- resolution Digital Elevation Models , 2005 .
[88] W. Reiners,et al. Size distribution and expansion of canopy gaps in a northern Appalachian spruce-fir forest , 1986, Vegetatio.
[89] H. Grau,et al. Landscape context and microenvironment influences on liana communities within treefall gaps , 2008 .
[90] G. Likens,et al. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. , 1979 .
[91] Shin‐ichi Yamamoto. Gap dynamics in climaxFagus crenata forests , 1989, The botanical magazine = Shokubutsu-gaku-zasshi.
[92] T. Spies,et al. Microclimatic and soil moisture responses to gap formation in coastal Douglas-fir forests , 2002 .
[93] Glenn D. Sutherland,et al. Canopy Gaps and the Landscape Mosaic in a Coastal Temperate Rain Forest , 1996 .
[94] Janet Silbernagel,et al. Modeling canopy openness and understory gap patterns based on image analysis and mapped tree data , 2001 .
[95] C. Krebs,et al. Gap-phase structure of a subalpine old-growth forest , 1991 .
[96] R. Brumme. Mechanisms of carbon and nutrient release and retention in beech forest gaps , 2004, Plant and Soil.
[97] Scott X. Chang,et al. Soil compaction and forest litter amendment affect carbon and net nitrogen mineralization in a boreal forest soil , 2007 .
[98] J. R. Bray,et al. Gap Phase Replacement in a Maple-Basswood Forest , 1956 .
[99] Helge Bruelheide,et al. Gap dynamics in a near-natural spruce forest at Mt. Brocken, Germany , 2010 .
[100] N. G. Ulanova,et al. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review , 2000 .
[101] L. S. Barden,et al. Forest development in canopy gaps of a diverse hardwood forest of the southern Appalachian Mountains , 1981 .
[102] Yasuhiro Kubota,et al. Spatial analysis for continuously changing point patterns along a gradient and its application to an Abies sachalinensis population , 2004 .
[103] J. Bockheim. Soils in a hemlock-hardwood ecosystem mosaic in the Southern Lake Superior Uplands , 1997 .
[104] A. Fajardo,et al. Tree dynamics in canopy gaps in old-growth forests of Nothofagus pumilio in Southern Chile , 2004, Plant Ecology.
[105] Steven G. Cumming,et al. GAP DYNAMICS IN BOREAL ASPEN STANDS: IS THE FOREST OLDER THAN WE THINK? , 2000 .
[106] Deborah S. Page-Dumroese,et al. Impacts of Timber Harvesting on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Productivity, and Health of Inland Northwest Forests , 1997, Forest Science.
[107] K. Lertzman. Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest , 1992 .
[108] C. Augspurger,et al. Causes of spatial patterns of dead trees in forest fragments in Illinois , 2004, Plant Ecology.
[109] T. Nakashizuka. REGENERATION PROCESS OF CLIMAX BEECH (FAGUS CRENATA BLUME) FORESTS : IV. GAP FORMATION , 1984 .
[110] Thomas R. Crow,et al. Structural Characteristics of Old‐Growth Hemlock‐Hardwood Forests in Relation to Age , 1994 .
[111] D. Huber,et al. Characteristics of gaps and natural regeneration in mature longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems , 2003 .
[112] J. Battles,et al. GAP DYNAMICS FOLLOWING FOREST DECLINE: A CASE STUDY OF RED SPRUCE FORESTS , 2000 .
[113] G. A. Blackburn,et al. Spatial relationships between tree species and gap characteristics in broad-leaved deciduous woodland , 2005 .
[114] K. Woods. Intermediate disturbance in a late‐successional hemlock‐northern hardwood forest , 2004 .
[115] J. Holeksa. Relationship between field-layer vegetation and canopy openings in a Carpathian subalpine spruce forest , 2003, Plant Ecology.
[116] Craig G. Lorimer,et al. Single-tree versus group selection in hemlock-hardwood forests: are smaller openings less productive? , 2002 .
[117] J. Zak,et al. Effects of Gap Size on Litter Decomposition and Microbial Activity in a Subtropical Forest , 1995 .
[118] Charles B. Halpern,et al. Spatially explicit modeling of overstory manipulations in young forests: Effects on stand structure and light , 2009 .
[119] Influence of environmental variables on the shrub and tree species distribution in two Semideciduous Forest sites in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. , 2007, Revista de biologia tropical.
[120] Jiaojun Zhu,et al. Determination of the tridimensional shape of canopy gaps using two hemispherical photographs , 2009 .
[121] Håkan Hytteborn,et al. Gap structure, disturbance and regeneration in a primeval Picea abies forest , 1991 .
[122] N. Brokaw,et al. Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps. , 2000, Trends in ecology & evolution.
[123] Shin‐ichi Yamamoto. The gap theory in forest dynamics , 1992, The botanical magazine = Shokubutsu-gaku-zasshi.
[124] Shin-Ichi Yamamoto,et al. Forest gap dynamics and tree regeneration , 2000, Journal of Forest Research.
[125] C. Canham,et al. Evaluating the potential of the SORTIE forest succession model for spatio-temporal analysis of small-scale disturbances , 2002 .
[126] T. Kuuluvainen. Gap disturbance, ground microtopography, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal coniferous forests in Filand: a review , 1994 .
[127] James R. Runkle,et al. Treefalls Revisited: Gap Dynamics in the Southern Appalachians , 1987 .