Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance

Nanotechnology has been extensively studied and exploited for cancer treatment as nanoparticles can play a significant role as a drug delivery system. Compared to conventional drugs, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has specific advantages, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. The application and development of hybrid nanoparticles, which incorporates the combined properties of different nanoparticles, has led this type of drug-carrier system to the next level. In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been shown to play a role in overcoming cancer-related drug resistance. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance include overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic environment. Nanoparticles targeting these mechanisms can lead to an improvement in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, as more tumor drug resistance mechanisms are revealed, nanoparticles are increasingly being developed to target these mechanisms. Moreover, scientists have recently started to investigate the role of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, which plays a more important role in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the roles of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy and describe the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery as well as its function on reversing drug resistance.

[1]  B. Baradaran,et al.  Silencing of HIF-1α/CD73 axis by siRNA-loaded TAT-chitosan-spion nanoparticles robustly blocks cancer cell progression. , 2020, European journal of pharmacology.

[2]  Xudong Huang,et al.  The PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 nanoparticles improve radiosensitization of hepatoma cells through apoptosis and regulation DNA repair pathway , 2020, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[3]  Li Hai,et al.  Design, preparation and evaluation of different branched biotin modified liposomes for targeting breast cancer. , 2020, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

[4]  Glycolysis Inhibition , 2020, Definitions.

[5]  Huan Tang,et al.  Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Study of a Novel Long-Acting Targeted Paclitaxel Liposome with Antitumor Activity , 2020, International journal of nanomedicine.

[6]  Jian-hai Chen,et al.  Tumor- and mitochondria-targeted nanoparticles eradicate drug resistant lung cancer through mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis , 2020, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.

[7]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer statistics, 2020 , 2020, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[8]  石川 聡,et al.  Matrix Metalloproteinase , 1997, Definitions.

[9]  Lijuan Wen,et al.  Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Paclitaxel by “Core-Shell” Targeting Amphiphilic Copolymer to Reverse Resistance in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer , 2019, International journal of nanomedicine.

[10]  M. Xie,et al.  Role of hypoxia in cancer therapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment , 2019, Molecular Cancer.

[11]  Jin-yuan He,et al.  Cancer Cell Membrane Decorated Silica Nanoparticle Loaded with miR495 and Doxorubicin to Overcome Drug Resistance for Effective Lung Cancer Therapy , 2019, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[12]  X. Gu,et al.  Ceramide–Rubusoside Nanomicelles, a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Target Cancers Carrying p53 Missense Mutations , 2019, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[13]  Yuanyuan Liu,et al.  pH and redox dual-responsive nanoparticles based on disulfide-containing poly(β-amino ester) for combining chemotherapy and COX-2 inhibitor to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer , 2019, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.

[14]  Man Li,et al.  Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Targeted Regulation and Deep Tumor Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Drugs with a Multifunctional Size-Switchable Nanoparticle. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[15]  Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri,et al.  Combining Carbon Nanotubes and Chitosan for the Vectorization of Methotrexate to Lung Cancer Cells , 2019, Materials.

[16]  Qinfu Zhao,et al.  Polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for multi-responsive drug delivery and combined chemo-photothermal therapy. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[17]  F. Gao,et al.  Biodegradable, pH-Sensitive Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticle (HMON) with Controlled Release of Pirfenidone and Ultrasound-Target-Microbubble-Destruction (UTMD) for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment , 2019, Theranostics.

[18]  A. Rawlings,et al.  Targeted magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for the treatment of oral cancer. , 2019, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[19]  J. Zink,et al.  Supramolecular Nanomachines as Stimuli-Responsive Gatekeepers on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Antibiotic and Cancer Drug Delivery , 2019, Theranostics.

[20]  Chengzhong Yu,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Protein Protection and Delivery , 2019, Front. Chem..

[21]  D. Mondhe,et al.  Gemcitabine and betulinic acid co-encapsulated PLGA-PEG polymer nanoparticles for improved efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[22]  Dnyaneshwar Kalyane,et al.  Employment of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR): Nanoparticle-based precision tools for targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agent in cancer. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[23]  P. Hammond,et al.  Binary Targeting of siRNA to Hematologic Cancer Cells In Vivo Using Layer‐by‐Layer Nanoparticles , 2019, Advanced functional materials.

[24]  J. Das,et al.  pH-responsive and targeted delivery of curcumin via phenylboronic acid-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy , 2019, Journal of advanced research.

[25]  N. Ferrara,et al.  VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development , 2019, Cell.

[26]  V. Awasthi,et al.  Surface Modification of Liposomes by a Lipopolymer Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen for Theranostic Delivery in Prostate Cancer , 2019, Materials.

[27]  Mingxiong Sheng,et al.  Cancer cell membrane-cloaked mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a pH-sensitive gatekeeper for cancer treatment. , 2019, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[28]  M. Farokhi,et al.  New insights into designing hybrid nanoparticles for lung cancer: Diagnosis and treatment , 2019, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[29]  S. Ku,et al.  Transferrin-Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticle for Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Doxorubicin in Doxorubicin-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells , 2019, Pharmaceutics.

[30]  Wuli Yang,et al.  Erythrocyte-cancer hybrid membrane-camouflaged melanin nanoparticles for enhancing photothermal therapy efficacy in tumors. , 2019, Biomaterials.

[31]  F. Fanizzi,et al.  Design and Application of Cisplatin-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters for Smart Chemotherapy. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[32]  Yiguo Jiang,et al.  In vivo β-catenin attenuation by the integrin α5-targeting nano-delivery strategy suppresses triple negative breast cancer stemness and metastasis. , 2019, Biomaterials.

[33]  Xinru You,et al.  Nanoparticle Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Overview and Perspectives. , 2019, Current topics in medicinal chemistry.

[34]  K. Greish,et al.  Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles improve doxorubicin anticancer activity , 2018, International journal of nanomedicine.

[35]  Wei He,et al.  A drug-delivering-drug strategy for combined treatment of metastatic breast cancer. , 2018, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[36]  Hao Hu,et al.  A degradable triple temperature-, pH-, and redox-responsive drug system for cancer chemotherapy. , 2018, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[37]  A. Sherje,et al.  Dendrimers: A versatile nanocarrier for drug delivery and targeting , 2018, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[38]  J. Leung Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Drug Delivery , 2018 .

[39]  Ankita Dadwal,et al.  Nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery in cancer , 2018, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology.

[40]  J. Lillard,et al.  Reversal of drug resistance by planetary ball milled (PBM) nanoparticle loaded with resveratrol and docetaxel in prostate cancer. , 2018, Cancer letters.

[41]  Kwangmeyung Kim,et al.  Engineering nanoparticle strategies for effective cancer immunotherapy. , 2018, Biomaterials.

[42]  Ronnie H. Fang,et al.  Cell Membrane Coating Nanotechnology , 2018, Advanced materials.

[43]  Q. Lu,et al.  A Tumor Vascular‐Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia , 2018, Advanced science.

[44]  Haifeng Dong,et al.  Erythrocyte-Cancer Hybrid Membrane Camouflaged Hollow Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles for Prolonged Circulation Life and Homotypic-Targeting Photothermal/Chemotherapy of Melanoma. , 2018, ACS nano.

[45]  Hong Wu,et al.  Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for drug delivery and cancer therapy , 2018, International journal of nanomedicine.

[46]  Xiaoqi Sun,et al.  Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Adjuvant Nanoparticles with Mannose Modification for Effective Anticancer Vaccination. , 2018, ACS nano.

[47]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/interleukin‐1β signaling enhances hepatoma epithelial–mesenchymal transition through macrophages in a hypoxic‐inflammatory microenvironment , 2018, Hepatology.

[48]  J. Fisher,et al.  Overcoming Ovarian Cancer Drug Resistance with a Cold Responsive Nanomaterial , 2018, ACS central science.

[49]  K. Lam,et al.  Image-guided photo-therapeutic nanoporphyrin synergized HSP90 inhibitor in patient-derived xenograft bladder cancer model. , 2018, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[50]  F. Akbaş,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy to induce Fas apoptosis pathway in breast cancer , 2018, Cancer Gene Therapy.

[51]  Wei Li,et al.  Tailoring Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications: From Drug Delivery to Cancer Immunotherapy , 2018, Advanced materials.

[52]  C. Jaroniec,et al.  Targeted production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria to overcome cancer drug resistance , 2018, Nature Communications.

[53]  Hongwei Cheng,et al.  Overcoming STC2 mediated drug resistance through drug and gene co-delivery by PHB-PDMAEMA cationic polyester in liver cancer cells. , 2018, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[54]  S. Sigismund,et al.  Emerging functions of the EGFR in cancer , 2017, Molecular oncology.

[55]  Robert J. Lee,et al.  Recent Advances and Perspectives in Liposomes for Cutaneous Drug Delivery. , 2017, Current medicinal chemistry.

[56]  Lei Wu,et al.  Multifunctional micelle delivery system for overcoming multidrug resistance of doxorubicin , 2017, Journal of drug targeting.

[57]  F. Rizzolio,et al.  The Clinical Translation of Organic Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy: A Focus on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Liposomes and Exosomes. , 2017, Current medicinal chemistry.

[58]  Sang J. Chung,et al.  Recent Advances in pH-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. , 2016, Current drug targets.

[59]  R. Ramesh,et al.  Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Drug and Gene Delivery. , 2018, Advances in cancer research.

[60]  Hairong Zheng,et al.  Sensitivity to antitubulin chemotherapeutics is potentiated by a photoactivable nanoliposome. , 2017, Biomaterials.

[61]  M. Yousefi,et al.  Nanoparticles and targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. , 2017, Immunology letters.

[62]  H. Santos,et al.  Nutlin‐3a and Cytokine Co‐loaded Spermine‐Modified Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy , 2017 .

[63]  Zhigui Su,et al.  Co-delivery of paclitaxel and anti-survivin siRNA via redox-sensitive oligopeptide liposomes for the synergistic treatment of breast cancer and metastasis. , 2017, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[64]  C. Cooper,et al.  Core shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles with combined docetaxel and molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[65]  Rachel S. Riley,et al.  Gold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy: applications and opportunities for multimodal cancer treatment. , 2017, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

[66]  R. Kerbel,et al.  Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factors for Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy. , 2017, Trends in cancer.

[67]  Yihui Deng,et al.  Nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy , 2017, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[68]  Peng Li,et al.  iRGD-modified lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with isoliquiritigenin to enhance anti-breast cancer effect and tumor-targeting ability , 2017, International journal of nanomedicine.

[69]  Qinghua Xu,et al.  Enhanced intracellular delivery and controlled drug release of magnetic PLGA nanoparticles modified with transferrin , 2017, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.

[70]  P. V. Bramhachari,et al.  Role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) in the maintenance of stemness and malignancy of colorectal cancer. , 2017, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[71]  Ronnie H. Fang,et al.  Erythrocyte–Platelet Hybrid Membrane Coating for Enhanced Nanoparticle Functionalization , 2017, Advanced materials.

[72]  D. Chiappetta,et al.  Polymeric mixed micelles as nanomedicines: Achievements and perspectives. , 2017, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[73]  F. Zhang,et al.  Receptor-Mediated Surface Charge Inversion Platform Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Efficient Cancer Cell Recognition and Combination Therapy. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[74]  Nicole F. Steinmetz,et al.  Hypo-fractionated radiation, magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and a viral immunotherapy treatment of spontaneous canine cancer , 2017, BiOS.

[75]  S. Rocchiccioli,et al.  Rational Design of a Transferrin-Binding Peptide Sequence Tailored to Targeted Nanoparticle Internalization. , 2017, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[76]  Jarno Salonen,et al.  Multistaged Nanovaccines Based on Porous Silicon@Acetalated Dextran@Cancer Cell Membrane for Cancer Immunotherapy , 2017, Advanced materials.

[77]  R. Zhang,et al.  Design of nanocarriers for nanoscale drug delivery to enhance cancer treatment using hybrid polymer and lipid building blocks. , 2017, Nanoscale.

[78]  Tumor‐targeted micelle‐forming block copolymers for overcoming of multidrug resistance , 2017, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[79]  Hélder A Santos,et al.  Delivery of therapeutics with nanoparticles: what's new in cancer immunotherapy? , 2017, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

[80]  Q. Mei,et al.  Doxorubicin and resveratrol co-delivery nanoparticle to overcome doxorubicin resistance , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[81]  B. Baradaran,et al.  Overview on experimental models of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system. , 2016, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[82]  Y. Assaraf,et al.  Overcoming ABC transporter-mediated multidrug resistance: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic drug strategies. , 2016, Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy.

[83]  R. Ramesh,et al.  Folate receptor-targeted nanoparticle delivery of HuR-RNAi suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation and migration , 2016, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.

[84]  H. Samadian,et al.  Folate-conjugated gold nanoparticle as a new nanoplatform for targeted cancer therapy , 2016, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[85]  Sandro Matosevic,et al.  Pharmaceutical liposomal drug delivery: a review of new delivery systems and a look at the regulatory landscape , 2016, Drug delivery.

[86]  J. M. Marchetti,et al.  Co-loaded paclitaxel/rapamycin liposomes: Development, characterization and in vitro and in vivo evaluation for breast cancer therapy. , 2016, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[87]  Chen Wang,et al.  Combination Therapy using Co-encapsulated Resveratrol and Paclitaxel in Liposomes for Drug Resistance Reversal in Breast Cancer Cells in vivo , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[88]  V. Rotello,et al.  Progress and perspective of inorganic nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems , 2016, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[89]  K. Alitalo,et al.  Simultaneous targeting of VEGF-receptors 2 and 3 with immunoliposomes enhances therapeutic efficacy , 2016, Journal of drug targeting.

[90]  M. Ehrich,et al.  Engineering the lipid layer of lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced in vitro cellular uptake and improved stability. , 2015, Acta biomaterialia.

[91]  R. Ramesh,et al.  Tumor-targeted and pH-controlled delivery of doxorubicin using gold nanorods for lung cancer therapy , 2015, International journal of nanomedicine.

[92]  M. Papi,et al.  Killing cancer cells using nanotechnology: novel poly(I:C) loaded liposome-silica hybrid nanoparticles. , 2015, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[93]  Da Xing,et al.  Dihydroartemisinin and transferrin dual-dressed nano-graphene oxide for a pH-triggered chemotherapy. , 2015, Biomaterials.

[94]  J. Ong,et al.  Synthesis of a novel, sequentially active-targeted drug delivery nanoplatform for breast cancer therapy. , 2015, Biomaterials.

[95]  Dong Wang,et al.  Erythrocyte Membrane-Enveloped Polymeric Nanoparticles as Nanovaccine for Induction of Antitumor Immunity against Melanoma. , 2015, ACS nano.

[96]  Jarno Salonen,et al.  Inhibition of Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells by Co‐Delivery of DNA Nanostructures and Drugs Using Porous Silicon Nanoparticles@Giant Liposomes , 2015 .

[97]  J. Chen,et al.  Co-delivery of HIF1α siRNA and gemcitabine via biocompatible lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for effective treatment of pancreatic cancer. , 2015, Biomaterials.

[98]  D. A. Russell,et al.  Cancer targeting with biomolecules: a comparative study of photodynamic therapy efficacy using antibody or lectin conjugated phthalocyanine-PEG gold nanoparticles , 2015, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[99]  Meiying Wang,et al.  Use of a Lipid-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Platform for Synergistic Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Delivery to Human Pancreatic Cancer in Mice , 2015, ACS nano.

[100]  Yang Yang,et al.  Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy for cancer. , 2015, ACS nano.

[101]  C. Sykes,et al.  Cell-sized liposomes that mimic cell motility and the cell cortex. , 2015, Methods in cell biology.

[102]  Leaf Huang,et al.  In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies. , 2015, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[103]  Yiye Li,et al.  Co-delivery of HIF 1 a siRNA and gemcitabine via biocompatible lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for effective treatment of pancreatic cancer , 2015 .

[104]  Patrick V. Almeida,et al.  Amine-modified hyaluronic acid-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer tumors. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[105]  Gang Zheng,et al.  Investigating the impact of nanoparticle size on active and passive tumor targeting efficiency. , 2014, ACS nano.

[106]  S. Lai,et al.  Evading immune cell uptake and clearance requires PEG grafting at densities substantially exceeding the minimum for brush conformation. , 2014, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[107]  Xiaoyang Xu,et al.  Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. , 2014, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[108]  Yasuhiko Yoshida,et al.  Curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil-loaded, folate- and transferrin-decorated polymeric magnetic nanoformulation: a synergistic cancer therapeutic approach, accelerated by magnetic hyperthermia , 2014, International journal of nanomedicine.

[109]  M. Edidin,et al.  Nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells for T cell immunotherapy. , 2014, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[110]  S. Wu,et al.  The use of lipid-based nanocarriers for targeted pain therapies , 2013, Front. Pharmacol..

[111]  E. Luo,et al.  The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of carbon nanotubes as an effective drug carrier. , 2013, Current drug metabolism.

[112]  Q. Lu,et al.  Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to tumor neovasculature to combat P-gp expressing multidrug resistant cancer. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[113]  S. Cheng,et al.  Surface functionalized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery. , 2013, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology.

[114]  Mohammad Wahid Ansari,et al.  The legal status of in vitro embryos , 2014 .

[115]  C. Figdor,et al.  Dendritic cell-based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy. , 2013, Current opinion in immunology.

[116]  Lili Li,et al.  Lipid-polymer nanoparticles encapsulating doxorubicin and 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemical therapeutics. , 2013, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[117]  E. Skaret The Combined Treatment , 2013 .

[118]  R. Schreiber,et al.  Programmable nanoparticle functionalization for in vivo targeting , 2013, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[119]  Anne L. van de Ven,et al.  Synthetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomimetic leukocyte membranes possess cell-like functions. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[120]  R. Burgess Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery , 2012 .

[121]  Y. Maitani,et al.  Preparation and in vivo evaluation of liposomal everolimus for lung carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma. , 2012, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[122]  Robert Langer,et al.  Preclinical Development and Clinical Translation of a PSMA-Targeted Docetaxel Nanoparticle with a Differentiated Pharmacological Profile , 2012, Science Translational Medicine.

[123]  Omid C Farokhzad,et al.  Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[124]  V. Torchilin,et al.  P-glycoprotein silencing with siRNA delivered by DOPE-modified PEI overcomes doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. , 2012, Nanomedicine.

[125]  N. Jing,et al.  Combined treatment targeting HIF‐1α and Stat3 is a potent strategy for prostate cancer therapy , 2011, The Prostate.

[126]  A. Seifalian,et al.  A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery tools , 2011, International journal of nanomedicine.

[127]  Wean Sin Cheow,et al.  Factors affecting drug encapsulation and stability of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles. , 2011, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[128]  Omid C Farokhzad,et al.  Self-assembled targeted nanoparticles: evolution of technologies and bench to bedside translation. , 2011, Accounts of chemical research.

[129]  Xuan Liu,et al.  COX-2 contributes to P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance via phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63/73 in colorectal cancer. , 2011, Carcinogenesis.

[130]  S. Sahoo,et al.  Coformulation of doxorubicin and curcumin in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles suppresses the development of multidrug resistance in K562 cells. , 2011, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[131]  S. Sahoo,et al.  PLGA nanoparticles containing various anticancer agents and tumour delivery by EPR effect. , 2011, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[132]  Dai Fukumura,et al.  Multistage nanoparticle delivery system for deep penetration into tumor tissue , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[133]  Yu Matsumoto,et al.  Improving Drug Potency and Efficacy by Nanocarrier-Mediated Subcellular Targeting , 2011, Science Translational Medicine.

[134]  Véronique Préat,et al.  To exploit the tumor microenvironment: Passive and active tumor targeting of nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. , 2010, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[135]  S. Sahoo,et al.  Cancer nanotechnology: application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. , 2010, Drug discovery today.

[136]  D. Sawyer,et al.  Mechanisms of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Strategies to Decrease Cardiac Damage , 2010, Current hypertension reports.

[137]  B. Liu,et al.  Nanoparticles modified with tumor-targeting scFv deliver siRNA and miRNA for cancer therapy. , 2010, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[138]  Qian Yang,et al.  Co-delivery of PDTC and doxorubicin by multifunctional micellar nanoparticles to achieve active targeted drug delivery and overcome multidrug resistance. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[139]  S. Esener,et al.  Half-antibody functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to carcinoembryonic antigen presenting pancreatic cancer cells. , 2010, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[140]  Mark E. Davis,et al.  Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles , 2010, Nature.

[141]  Z. Duan,et al.  Augmentation of Therapeutic Efficacy in Drug-Resistant Tumor Models Using Ceramide Coadministration in Temporal-Controlled Polymer-Blend Nanoparticle Delivery Systems , 2010, The AAPS Journal.

[142]  Cristina Saura,et al.  Nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab™)-paclitaxel: improving efficacy and tolerability by targeted drug delivery in metastatic breast cancer , 2010 .

[143]  Jayanth Panyam,et al.  The use of nanoparticle-mediated targeted gene silencing and drug delivery to overcome tumor drug resistance. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[144]  David A. Cheresh,et al.  Integrins in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities , 2010, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[145]  Min Zhang,et al.  Co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA by mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. , 2009, Small.

[146]  Arun K Iyer,et al.  Doxorubicin loaded Polymeric Nanoparticulate Delivery System to overcome drug resistance in osteosarcoma , 2009, BMC Cancer.

[147]  B. Nanjwade,et al.  Dendrimers: emerging polymers for drug-delivery systems. , 2009, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[148]  Jin-Ao Duan,et al.  Selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for cancer. , 2009, Current medicinal chemistry.

[149]  Kyung-Hwa Yoo,et al.  Multifunctional nanoparticles for combined doxorubicin and photothermal treatments. , 2009, ACS nano.

[150]  P. Low,et al.  Folate-targeted therapeutic and imaging agents for cancer. , 2009, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[151]  Warren C W Chan,et al.  Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design. , 2009, Nano letters.

[152]  Robert Langer,et al.  Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery. , 2009, ACS nano.

[153]  Pamela Basto,et al.  HER‐2‐Targeted Nanoparticle–Affibody Bioconjugates for Cancer Therapy , 2008, ChemMedChem.

[154]  T. Minko,et al.  Co-delivery of siRNA and an anticancer drug for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer. , 2008, Nanomedicine.

[155]  Robert Langer,et al.  Self-assembled lipid--polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a robust drug delivery platform. , 2008, ACS nano.

[156]  W. Ahn,et al.  Novel cationic solid lipid nanoparticles enhanced p53 gene transfer to lung cancer cells. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[157]  Y. Shiying,et al.  Effects of hypoxia on expression of P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line , 2005, Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences].

[158]  Mauro Ferrari,et al.  Intravascular Delivery of Particulate Systems: Does Geometry Really Matter? , 2008, Pharmaceutical Research.

[159]  L. Zitvogel,et al.  Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy , 2008, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[160]  Z. Duan,et al.  Paclitaxel and ceramide co‐administration in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate delivery system to overcome drug resistance in ovarian cancer , 2007, International journal of cancer.

[161]  G. Semenza Evaluation of HIF-1 inhibitors as anticancer agents. , 2007, Drug discovery today.

[162]  Vincent M Rotello,et al.  Functionalized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery. , 2007, Nanomedicine.

[163]  Ho Sup Yoon,et al.  Co-delivery of drugs and DNA from cationic core–shell nanoparticles self-assembled from a biodegradable copolymer , 2006, Nature materials.

[164]  H. Pelicano,et al.  Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment , 2006, Oncogene.

[165]  Chintamani,et al.  Role of p-glycoprotein expression in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer-a prospective clinical study , 2005, World journal of surgical oncology.

[166]  J. Fries,et al.  Specific occlusion of murine and human tumor vasculature by VCAM-1-targeted recombinant fusion proteins. , 2005, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[167]  Bengt Rippe,et al.  Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing glomerular permselectivity: effects of molecular size, shape, charge, and deformability. , 2005, American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.

[168]  V. Torchilin Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers , 2005, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[169]  Shiying Yu,et al.  Effects of hypoxia on expression of P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. , 2005, Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban.

[170]  B. Zhivotovsky,et al.  Apoptotic pathways and therapy resistance in human malignancies. , 2005, Advances in cancer research.

[171]  J E Kipp,et al.  The role of solid nanoparticle technology in the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. , 2004, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[172]  V. Labhasetwar,et al.  Nanoparticle-mediated wild-type p53 gene delivery results in sustained antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells. , 2004, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[173]  T. Minko Drug targeting to the colon with lectins and neoglycoconjugates. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[174]  A. Santoro,et al.  Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. , 2004, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[175]  Michael S. Pepper,et al.  αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin antagonists inhibit angiogenesis in vitro , 2004, Angiogenesis.

[176]  I. Fichtner,et al.  A new approach for the treatment of malignant melanoma: enhanced antitumor efficacy of an albumin-binding doxorubicin prodrug that is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 2. , 2003, Cancer research.

[177]  R. Agarwal,et al.  Ovarian cancer: strategies for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy , 2003, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[178]  S. Goodman,et al.  alphav beta 3 and alphav beta 5 integrin antagonists inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. , 2003, Angiogenesis.

[179]  M. Bednarski,et al.  Tumor Regression by Targeted Gene Delivery to the Neovasculature , 2002, Science.

[180]  E. Ruoslahti Specialization of tumour vasculature , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[181]  R. Nicholson,et al.  EGFR and cancer prognosis. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[182]  H. Maeda The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting. , 2001, Advances in enzyme regulation.

[183]  J. Wijnholds,et al.  Extensive contribution of the multidrug transporters P-glycoprotein and Mrp1 to basal drug resistance. , 2000, Cancer research.

[184]  P. Carmeliet,et al.  Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases , 2000, Nature.

[185]  E. Hudson,et al.  The multidrug-resistant phenotype associated with overexpression of the new ABC half-transporter, MXR (ABCG2). , 2000, Journal of cell science.

[186]  P Couvreur,et al.  Reversion of multidrug resistance by co-encapsulation of doxorubicin and cyclosporin A in polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles. , 2000, Biomaterials.

[187]  E. Schneider,et al.  ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: functional and structural aspects of the ATP-hydrolyzing subunits/domains. , 1998, FEMS microbiology reviews.

[188]  R K Jain,et al.  Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors. , 1994, Scientific American.

[189]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Doxorubicin-loaded nanospheres bypass tumor cell multidrug resistance. , 1992, Biochemical pharmacology.

[190]  J. Obrecht [Cancer therapy]. , 1977, Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift.