Overview of fault diagnosis methods for Discrete Event Systems

Fault diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems has become an active research area in recent years. The research activity in this area is driven by the needs of many different application domains such as manufacturing, process control, control systems, transportation, communication networks, software engineering, and others. The aim of this paper is to review the state-of the art of methods and techniques for fault diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems based on models that include faulty behaviour. Theoretical and practical issues related to model description tools, diagnosis processing structure, sensor selection, fault representation and inference are discussed.

[1]  Feng Lin,et al.  Diagnosability of discrete event systems and its applications , 1994, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[2]  Yannick Pencolé,et al.  Monitoring and Active Diagnosis for Discrete-Event Systems , 2009 .

[3]  D. Thorsley,et al.  Diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems under unreliable observations , 2008, 2008 American Control Conference.

[4]  H. Marchand,et al.  Supervision patterns in discrete event systems diagnosis , 2006, 2006 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[5]  Feng Lin,et al.  Opacity of discrete event systems and its applications , 2011, Autom..

[6]  Maciej Koutny,et al.  Modelling Opacity Using Petri Nets , 2005, WISP@ICATPN.

[7]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  Diagnosis of repeated failures for discrete event systems with linear-time temporal-logic specifications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[8]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  A polynomial algorithm for testing diagnosability of discrete-event systems , 2001, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[9]  E. Hernandez-Flores,et al.  Diagnosability analysis of partially observable deadlock-free Petri Nets , 2011, 2011 3rd International Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems.

[10]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Partial Order Techniques for Distributed Discrete Event Systems: Why You Cannot Avoid Using Them , 2007, 2006 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[11]  Feng Lin,et al.  On-line detection and sensor activation for discrete event systems , 2010, WODES.

[12]  Jean-Jacques Lesage,et al.  The concept of residuals for fault localization in discrete event systems , 2011 .

[13]  Shigemasa Takai,et al.  Decentralized Prognosis of Failures in Discrete Event Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[14]  Max Donath,et al.  American Control Conference , 1993 .

[15]  Philippe Dague,et al.  An optimized algorithm for diagnosability of component-based systems , 2010, WODES.

[16]  Paulo Eigi Miyagi,et al.  Modeling and analysis of fault-tolerant systems for machining operations based on Petri nets , 2006 .

[17]  João Carlos Basilio,et al.  Robust diagnosis of discrete event systems against intermittent loss of observations , 2012, Autom..

[18]  Patricia Bouyer,et al.  Fault Diagnosis Using Timed Automata , 2005, FoSSaCS.

[19]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Safe diagnosability for fault-tolerant supervision of discrete-event systems , 2005, Autom..

[20]  Asok Ray,et al.  Probabilistic fault diagnosis in discrete event systems , 2004, 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601).

[21]  A. Benveniste,et al.  Partial order techniques for distributed discrete event systems: why you can't avoid using them , 2006 .

[22]  Antonio Ramírez-Treviño,et al.  Online Fault Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems. A Petri Net-Based Approach , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[23]  Gerd Behrmann,et al.  IFAC World Congress , 2005 .

[24]  Sheng-Luen Chung.  Diagnosing PN-based models with partial observable transitions , 2005, Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf..

[25]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Failure diagnosis using discrete event models , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[26]  Raja Sengupta,et al.  Diagnosability of discrete-event systems , 1995, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[27]  E. Athanasopoulou,et al.  Probabilistic failure diagnosis in finite state machines under unreliable observations , 2006, 2006 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[28]  P. Chiacchio,et al.  Sufficient conditions for diagnosability of Petri nets , 2008, 2008 9th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[29]  V. S. Srinivasan,et al.  Fault detection/monitoring using time Petri nets , 1993, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[30]  Ahmed Khoumsi,et al.  Multi-decision diagnosis: decentralized architectures cooperating for diagnosing the presence of faults in discrete event systems , 2011, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems.

[31]  Franck Cassez.  A note on fault diagnosis algorithms , 2009, Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference.

[32]  Yannick Pencolé.  Diagnosability Analysis of Distributed Discrete Event Systems , 2004, ECAI.

[33]  R. Malik,et al.  A modular architecture for diagnosis of discrete event systems , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[34]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Robust diagnosis of discrete-event systems against permanent loss of observations , 2013, Autom..

[35]  Sahika Genc,et al.  Predictability in Discrete-Event Systems Under Partial Observation1 , 2007 .

[36]  W. Ukovich,et al.  Fault detection by labeled Petri nets and time constraints , 2011, 2011 3rd International Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems.

[37]  A. Willsky,et al.  Observability of discrete event dynamic systems , 1990 .

[38]  Loïg Jezequel,et al.  On the construction of probabilistic diagnosers , 2010, WODES.

[39]  Franck Cassez.  The Complexity of Codiagnosability for Discrete Event and Timed Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[40]  Moamar Sayed Mouchaweh.  Decentralized Fault Free Model Approach for Fault Detection and Isolation of Discrete Event Systems , 2012, Eur. J. Control.

[41]  Alessandro Giua,et al.  Discrete event diagnosis using labeled Petri nets. An application to manufacturing systems , 2011 .

[42]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Active diagnosis of discrete event systems , 1997, Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[43]  W. Qiu,et al.  Decentralized failure diagnosis of discrete event systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[44]  Humberto E. Garcia,et al.  A diagnoser algorithm for anomaly detection in DEDS under partial and unreliable observations: characterization and inclusion in sensor configuration optimization , 2013, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[45]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  Optimal sensor selection for discrete-event systems with partial observation , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[46]  Gianfranco Lamperti,et al.  Diagnosis of active systems : principles and techniques , 2003 .

[47]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Coordinated Decentralized Protocols for Failure Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems , 2000, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[48]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  A framework for optimization of sensor activation using most permissive observers , 2011, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference.

[49]  C. Desclaux,et al.  Supervisory control of discrete-event processes with partial observations , 1988 .

[50]  Shigemasa Takai.  Robust failure diagnosis of partially observed discrete event systems , 2010, WODES.

[51]  J. Prock.  A new technique for fault detection using Petri nets , 1991, Autom..

[52]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Computation of minimal event bases that ensure diagnosability , 2012, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[53]  Raja Sengupta.  Diagnosis and Communication in Distributed Systems , 1999 .

[54]  Lothar Litz,et al.  Timed residuals for fault detection and isolation in discrete event systems , 2011, 2011 3rd International Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems.

[55]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Diagnosis of Intermittent Faults , 2004, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[56]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Polynomial-time verification of diagnosability of partially observed discrete-event systems , 2002, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[57]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Predictability of Sequence Patterns in Discrete Event Systems , 2008 .

[58]  Christos G. Cassandras,et al.  Introduction to Discrete Event Systems , 1999, The Kluwer International Series on Discrete Event Dynamic Systems.

[59]  Klaus Werner Schmidt.  Computation of projections for the abstraction-based diagnosability verification , 2010, WODES.

[60]  Peter E. Caines,et al.  Classical and Logic-Based Dynamic Observers for Finite Automata , 1991 .

[61]  George Jiroveanu,et al.  The Diagnosability of Petri Net Models Using Minimal Explanations , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[62]  Janan Zaytoon,et al.  Discussion on fault diagnosis methods of discrete event systems , 2012, WODES.

[63]  W. M. Wonham,et al.  A model of component consistency in distributed diagnosis , 2004 .

[64]  Yin Wang,et al.  Decentralized Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems using Unconditional and Conditional Decisions , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[65]  Christoforos N. Hadjicostis,et al.  Algebraic approaches for fault identification in discrete-event systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[66]  Alessandro Giua,et al.  Fault detection for discrete event systems using Petri nets with unobservable transitions , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[67]  N. Viswanadham,et al.  Fault detection and diagnosis of automated manufacturing systems , 1988, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[68]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Distributed Diagnosis of Place-Bordered Petri Nets , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[69]  Gregory Provan,et al.  Modeling and diagnosis of timed discrete event systems-a factory automation example , 1997, Proceedings of the 1997 American Control Conference (Cat. No.97CH36041).

[70]  Behzad Bordbar,et al.  On-Line Monitoring of Large Petri Net Models Under Partial Observation , 2008, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[71]  Meera Sampath,et al.  Combining Qualitative & Quantitative Reasoning - A Hybrid Approach to Failure Diagnosis of Industrial Systems , 2000 .

[72]  J.H. van Schuppen,et al.  Decentralized failure diagnosis for discrete-event systems with costly communication between diagnosers , 2002, Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings..

[73]  Ratnesh Kumar,et al.  Decentralized Diagnosis of Event-Driven Systems for Safely Reacting to Failures , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[74]  Walter Murray Wonham,et al.  On observability of discrete-event systems , 1988, Inf. Sci..

[75]  Rong Su,et al.  Hierarchical Fault Diagnosis for Discrete-Event Systems under Global Consistency , 2006, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[76]  Jan Lunze,et al.  State Observation and Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems Described by Stochastic Automata , 2001, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[77]  S. Tripakis,et al.  Decentralized diagnosability of regular languages is undecidable , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[78]  木山 健,et al.  16th IFAC World Congress , 2006 .

[79]  Ratnesh Kumar,et al.  Distributed diagnosis under bounded-delay communication of immediately forwarded local observations , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005, American Control Conference, 2005..

[80]  Toshimitsu Ushio,et al.  Fault detection based on Petri net models with faulty behaviors , 1998, SMC'98 Conference Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.98CH36218).

[81]  João Carlos Basilio,et al.  Generalized Robust Diagnosability of Discrete Event Systems , 2011 .

[82]  Lawrence E. Holloway,et al.  Template languages for fault monitoring of timed discrete event processes , 2000, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[83]  Marie-Odile Cordier,et al.  Diagnosing Discrete-Event Systems: Extending the “Diagnoser Approach” to Deal with Telecommunication Networks , 2002, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[84]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Distributed Systems: An Approach by Partially Stochastic Petri Nets , 1998, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[85]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Diagnosability of Discrete Event Systems with Modular Structure , 2006, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[86]  Shigemasa Takai,et al.  Decentralized Diagnosis for Nonfailures of Discrete Event Systems Using Inference-Based Ambiguity Management , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[87]  Stavros Tripakis,et al.  Fault Diagnosis with Static and Dynamic Observers , 2008, Fundam. Informaticae.

[88]  Marcel Staroswiecki,et al.  Conflicts versus analytical redundancy relations: a comparative analysis of the model based diagnosis approach from the artificial intelligence and automatic control perspectives , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[89]  Peerasan Supavatanakul.  Diagnosis of Timed Discrete-Event Systems , 2002 .

[90]  S. L. Ricker,et al.  On the construction of modular observers and diagnosers for discrete-event systems , 2000, Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187).

[91]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Active fault tolerant control of discrete event systems using online diagnostics , 2011, Autom..

[92]  Gianmaria De Tommasi,et al.  An Efficient Approach for Online Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[93]  Marie-Odile Cordier,et al.  A formal framework for the decentralised diagnosis of large scale discrete event systems and its application to telecommunication networks , 2005, Artif. Intell..

[94]  MuDer Jeng,et al.  A polynomial algorithm for checking diagnosability of Petri nets , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[95]  Demosthenis Teneketzis,et al.  Diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[96]  Humberto E. Garcia,et al.  Sensor configuration selection for discrete-event systems under unreliable observations , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering.

[97]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems Using Decentralized Architectures , 2007, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[98]  Marie-Odile Cordier,et al.  A decentralized model-based diagnostic tool for complex systems , 2001, Proceedings 13th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. ICTAI 2001.

[99]  Shahin Hashtrudi-Zad,et al.  Fault diagnosis in discrete-event systems: framework and model reduction , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[100]  S. Hashtrudi Zad,et al.  Fault diagnosis in hierarchical discrete-event systems , 2004, 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601).

[101]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  NP-completeness of sensor selection problems arising in partially observed discrete-event systems , 2002, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[102]  Demosthenis Teneketzis,et al.  Active Acquisition of Information for Diagnosis and Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems , 2007, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[103]  Walter Ukovich,et al.  On-line fault detection in discrete event systems by Petri nets and integer linear programming , 2009, Autom..

[104]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Distributed diagnosis for large discrete event dynamic systems , 2002 .

[105]  K.R. Rohloff.  Sensor Failure Tolerant Supervisory Control , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[106]  Véronique Carré-Ménétrier,et al.  Decentralized diagnosis based on Boolean discrete event models: application on manufacturing systems , 2008 .

[107]  S. Lafortune,et al.  DESUMA: A Tool Integrating GIDDES and UMDES , 2006, 2006 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[108]  Stavros Tripakis,et al.  Fault Diagnosis for Timed Automata , 2002, FTRTFT.

[109]  Shahin Hashtrudi-Zad,et al.  Fault diagnosis in discrete-event systems: incorporating timing information , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[110]  W. M. Wonham,et al.  Distributed diagnosis for qualitative systems , 2002, Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings..

[111]  P. Ribot,et al.  Design requirements for the diagnosability of distributed discrete event systems , 2008 .

[112]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Diagnosability Analysis of a Class of Hierarchical State Machines , 2008, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[113]  Shigemasa Takai.  Verification of robust diagnosability for partially observed discrete event systems , 2012, Autom..

[114]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Diagnosis of asynchronous discrete-event systems: a net unfolding approach , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[115]  Louise Travé-Massuyès,et al.  An Algorithm for Active Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems Casted in the DES Framework , 2009 .

[116]  Yannick Pencolé,et al.  A Chronicle-based Diagnosability Approach for Discrete Timed-event Systems: Application to Web-Services , 2009, J. Univers. Comput. Sci..

[117]  J. Hespanha,et al.  Forecasting COVID-19 cases based on a parameter-varying stochastic SIR model , 2019, Annual Reviews in Control.

[118]  Rong Su,et al.  Global and local consistencies in distributed fault diagnosis for discrete-event systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[119]  Manuel Silva,et al.  The spy: A mechanism for safe implementation of highly concurrent systems , 1988 .

[120]  João Carlos Basilio,et al.  DESLAB: A scientific computing program for analysis and synthesis of discrete-event systems , 2012, WODES.

[121]  Jing Huang,et al.  A Framework for Fault-Tolerant Control of Discrete Event Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[122]  R. Kumar,et al.  Decentralized modular diagnosis of concurrent discrete event systems , 2008, 2008 9th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems.

[123]  Stephane Lafortune,et al.  Robust codiagnosability of discrete event systems , 2009, 2009 American Control Conference.

[124]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Optimal sensor activation for diagnosing discrete event systems , 2010, Autom..

[125]  Sahika Genc.  Formal Methods for Intrusion Detection of Windows NT Attacks , 2008 .

[126]  Antonio Correcher Salvador,et al.  Modular Fault Diagnosis Based on Discrete Event Systems , 2005, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[127]  Dimitri Lefebvre,et al.  Diagnosis of DES With Petri Net Models , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[128]  Alexandre Philippot,et al.  Discrete Event Model-Based Approach for Fault Detection and Isolation of Manufacturing Systems , 2009 .

[129]  Edwin K. P. Chong,et al.  Automated fault diagnosis using a discrete event systems framework , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 9th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control.

[130]  Eleftheria Athanasopoulou,et al.  Probabilistic approaches to fault detection in networked discrete event systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

[131]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Distributed Monitoring of Concurrent and Asynchronous Systems* , 2003, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[132]  S. Yovine,et al.  Fault diagnosis for intra-platoon communications , 1999, Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.99CH36304).

[133]  Cristian Mahulea,et al.  Fault Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems Using Continuous Petri Nets , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[134]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  On an Optimization Problem in Sensor Selection* , 2002, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[135]  Alban Grastien,et al.  A Theory of Abstraction for Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems , 2011, SARA.