Magnetic nanoparticles meet microfluidics

Abstract Lab-on-a-chip immunoassays utilizing superparamagnetic beads as labels allowing for transport, separation and detection of different bead species. Technically, this is realized by employing magnetic strayfield landscapes and/or special channel geometries in microfluidic systems in combination with integrated magnetoresistive sensors. Moreover, the formation on magnetic bead superstructures due to dipolar magnetic interactions can be applied as configurable matter. This matter allows implementing programmable microfluidic functions such as mixers, filters or valves, which are able to simultaneously detect biomolecules via molecular recognition. This review focusses on physical aspects regarding the interaction of magnetic particles or magnetic bead superstructures in microfluidic environments. We will cover different transport as well as sensing concepts, which play an important role on the way to magnetically controlled lab–on-a-chip structures. Moreover, the realization of giant magnetoresistive sensors based on these magnetic bead superstructures will be discussed in detail.

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