Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Publications Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Trade-offs and Coexistence in Fluctuating Environments: Evidence for a Key Dispersal- Fecundity Trade-off in Five Nonpollinating Fig Wasps Trade-offs and Coexistence in Fluctuating Environments: Evidence

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Naturalist. abstract: The ecological principle of competitive exclusion states that species competing for identical resources cannot coexist, but this principle is paradoxical because ecologically similar competitors are regularly observed. Coexistence is possible under some conditions if a fluctuating environment changes the competitive dominance of species. This change in competitive dominance implies the existence of trade-offs underlying species' competitive abilities in different environments. Theory shows that fluctuating distance between resource patches can facilitate coexistence in ephemeral patch competitors, given a functional trade-off between species dispersal ability and fecun-dity. We find evidence supporting this trade-off in a guild of five ecologically similar nonpollinating fig wasps and subsequently predict local among-patch species densities. We also introduce a novel col-onization index to estimate relative dispersal ability among ephemeral patch competitors. We suggest that a dispersal ability–fecundity trade-off and spatiotemporally fluctuating resource availability commonly co-occur to drive population dynamics and facilitate coexistence in ephemeral patch communities.

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