Investigating Reasons for Differences in the Results of Environmental, Physical, and Hybrid Input‐Output Models

It is vital to find reasons for differences in the results of environmental input-output (EIO), physical input-output (PIO), and hybrid input‐output (HIO) models for industrial and environmental policy analysis. Using EIO, PIO, and HIO models, China's industrial metabolism is calculated. Four reasons were found to account for differences in the results of analysis using EIO, PIO, and HIO models: the manner in which they deal with residential consumption, service sectors, and waste recycling, and the assumption of unique sector prices. The HIO model, which treats residential consumption as sectors of the intermediate delivery matrix, is preferred to the EIO and PIO models for analyzing industrial and environmental policies. Moreover, waste recycling in five sectors — agriculture; the manufacture of paper, printing, and articles for culture, education, and sports activities; the manufacture of nonmetallic mineral products; smelting and pressing of metals; and construction — should be comprehensively considered when using the HIO model to study problems related to these five sectors. Improvements in the EIO, PIO, and HIO models and future work are also discussed.

[1]  Gjalt Huppes,et al.  System boundary selection in life-cycle inventories using hybrid approaches. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Data Acquisition for Applying Physical Input‐Output Tables in Chinese Cities , 2011 .

[3]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Comparisons of four categories of waste recycling in China's paper industry based on physical input-output life-cycle assessment model. , 2012, Waste management.

[4]  Shinichiro Nakamura,et al.  Input‐Output Analysis of Waste Management , 2002 .

[5]  Kenichi Miyazawa,et al.  Internal and External Matrix Multipliers in the Input-Output Model , 1966 .

[6]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Interactions of energy technology development and new energy exploitation with water technology development in China , 2011 .

[7]  Niranjan Robert Casinader.  Extending the boundaries , 1998, BMJ.

[8]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability , 2013, Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering.

[9]  Stefan Giljum,et al.  Conceptual Foundations and Applications of Physical Input-Output Tables , 2009 .

[10]  Sai Liang,et al.  What is driving CO2 emissions in a typical manufacturing center of South China? The case of Jiangsu Province , 2011 .

[11]  Helga Weisz,et al.  Physical and monetary input-output analysis: What makes the difference? , 2006 .

[12]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[13]  Yuichi Moriguchi,et al.  Compilation and application of Japanese inventories for energy consumption and air pollutant emissions using input-output tables. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  Yijian Xu,et al.  Regional metabolism analysis model based on three dimensional PIOT and its preliminary application , 2008 .

[15]  M. I N G X U, †, ‡ T I A N Z H U Z H A N G.  How Much Will China Weigh ? Perspectives from Consumption Structure and Technology Development , 2008 .

[16]  Stefan Giljum,et al.  Applying physical input-output analysis to estimate land appropriation (ecological footprints) of international trade activities , 2003 .

[17]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Comparing urban solid waste recycling from the viewpoint of urban metabolism based on physical input-output model: A case of Suzhou in China. , 2012, Waste management.

[18]  H. S. Matthews,et al.  Extending the Boundaries of Life‐Cycle Assessment through Environmental Economic Input‐Output Models , 2000 .

[19]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Sustainable urban materials management for air pollutants mitigation based on urban physical input–output model , 2012 .

[20]  Sai Liang,et al.  An improved input–output model for energy analysis: A case study of Suzhou , 2010 .

[21]  Manfred Lenzen,et al.  Comparing and Benchmarking the Sustainability Performance of Businesses , 2009 .

[22]  M. Lenzen,et al.  Companies on the Scale , 2009 .

[23]  Sangwon Suh,et al.  A note on the calculus for physical input–output analysis and its application to land appropriation of international trade activities , 2004 .

[24]  W. Leontief.  Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States , 1936 .

[25]  C. Hendrickson,et al.  Using input-output analysis to estimate economy-wide discharges , 1995 .

[26]  Sangwon Suh,et al.  Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological–economic model , 2004 .

[27]  Lei Shi,et al.  Achieving Dewaterization in Industrial Parks , 2011 .

[28]  M. Meiser.  Unintended consequences. , 2008, The American journal of nursing.

[29]  Yasushi Kondo,et al.  The Waste Input‐Output Approach to Materials Flow Analysis , 2007 .

[30]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Managing urban energy system: A case of Suzhou in China , 2011 .

[31]  Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh,et al.  Constructing physical input-output tables for environmental modeling and accounting: Framework and illustrations , 2006 .

[32]  Tianzhu Zhang,et al.  Unintended consequences of bioethanol feedstock choice in China. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[33]  Sangwon Suh,et al.  A mixed-unit input-output model for environmental life-cycle assessment and material flow analysis. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[34]  L. Sokka,et al.  Quantifying the total environmental impacts of an industrial symbiosis - a comparison of process-, hybrid and input-output life cycle assessment. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.