PR ] 2 A pr 2 00 4 LOCAL CHARACTERISTICS , ENTROPY AND LIMIT THEOREMS FOR SPANNING TREES AND DOMINO TILINGS VIA TRANSFER-IMPEDANCES Running Head : LOCAL BEHAVIOR OF SPANNING TREES

Let G be a finite graph or an infinite graph on which ZZ acts with finite fundamental domain. If G is finite, let T be a random spanning tree chosen uniformly from all spanning trees of G; if G is infinite, methods from [Pem] show that this still makes sense, producing a random essential spanning forest of G. A method for calculating local characteristics (i.e. finite-dimensional marginals) of T from the transfer-impedance matrix is presented. This differs from the classical matrix-tree theorem in that only small pieces of the matrix (n-dimensional minors) are needed to compute small (n-dimensional) marginals. Calculation of the matrix entries relies on the calculation of the Green’s function for G, which is not a local calculation. However, it is shown how the calculation of the Green’s function may be reduced to a finite computation in the case when G is an infinite graph admitting a Z-action with finite quotient. The same computation also gives the entropy of the law of T. These results are applied to the problem of tiling certain lattices by dominos – the so-called dimer problem. Another application of these results is to prove modified versions of conjectures of Aldous [Al2] on the limiting distribution of degrees of a vertex and on the local structure near a vertex of a uniform random spanning tree in a lattice whose dimension is going to infinity. Included is a generalization of moments to tree-valued random variables and criteria for these generalized moments to determine a distribution.