In vitro cytotoxic effects of orthodontic appliances.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an orthodontic appliance and of its components (brackets, bands, and arch wires) on some cell functions. Fibroblasts were cultured either in the presence of one unwashed orthodontic appliance, or one orthodontic appliance immersed in MEM for 28 days before use (washed appliance), or in the presence of MEM in which the appliances had been immersed. At the end of in vitro maintenance, morphological studies were carried out with SEM and TEM. Cell proliferation and GAG synthesis and secretion by radio-labeled precursors were assessed. The data indicated that unwashed appliances were more cytotoxic than washed ones. Moreover, the arch wire was the most biocompatible component of the orthodontic appliance, and the bracket was the least biocompatible. A comparative study into the effects on cell proliferation of the most common metal ions released by the appliances was also carried out. At the concentration released by one orthodontic appliance immersed for 28 days, the highest reduction in DNA synthesis was observed in the presence of Cu(++).

[1]  F. Savioli,et al.  Cytotoxicity testing of materials with limited in vivo exposure is affected by the duration of cell-material contact. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[2]  G. Schmalz,et al.  Cytotoxicity of Dental Alloy Extracts and Corresponding Metal Salt Solutions , 1998, Journal of dental research.

[3]  F. Pezzetti,et al.  Diphenylhydantoin Affects Glycosaminoglycans and Collagen Production by Human Fibroblasts from Cleft Palate Patients , 1998, Journal of dental research.

[4]  A. Consolaro,et al.  Nickel hypersensitivity reaction before, during, and after orthodontic therapy. , 1998, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[5]  L. Rossi,et al.  Phenotype expression of human bone cells cultured on implant substrates , 1997, Cell biochemistry and function.

[6]  L. Marinucci,et al.  Phenotype expression of gingival fibroblasts cultured on membranes used in guided tissue regeneration. , 1997, Journal of periodontology.

[7]  F. Pezzetti,et al.  Apert's syndrome: differential in vitro production of matrix macromolecules and its regulation by interleukins , 1997, European journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  L. Rossi,et al.  Metal substrates influence the release of glycosaminoglycan and transforming growth factor beta by human bone cells. , 1996, Journal of periodontology.

[9]  J. Bumgardner,et al.  Effect of nickel-based dental casting alloys on fibroblast metabolism and ultrastructural organization. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[10]  A. Hensten-Pettersen,et al.  Proliferation of nickel-sensitive human lymphocytes by corrosion products of orthodontic appliances. , 1994, Biomaterials.

[11]  M. Bissell,et al.  Multi‐faceted regulation of cell differentiation by extracellular matrix , 1993, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[12]  F. Pezzetti,et al.  Hyaluronic acid modulates growth, morphology and cytoskeleton in embryonic chick skin fibroblasts. , 1993, The International journal of developmental biology.

[13]  R. G. Craig,et al.  The effect of cell monolayer density on the cytotoxicity of metal ions which are released from dental alloys. , 1993, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[14]  F M Watt,et al.  Regulation of development and differentiation by the extracellular matrix. , 1993, Development.

[15]  L. Spångberg,et al.  Indirect cytotoxic evaluation of dental materials. , 1993, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[16]  S. Seltzer.  Future trends in endodontics , 1993 .

[17]  A. Hensten-Pettersen,et al.  Cytotoxic effect of orthodontic appliances. , 1992, European journal of orthodontics.

[18]  R. G. Craig,et al.  Cytotoxicity of Experimental Casting Alloys Evaluated by Cell Culture Tests , 1990, Journal of dental research.

[19]  J. Lemons,et al.  Corrosion of copper, nickel, and gold dental casting alloys: an in vitro and in vivo study. , 1989, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[20]  N. Jacobsen,et al.  Occupational health problems and adverse patient reactions in orthodontics. , 1989, European journal of orthodontics.

[21]  P. Carinci,et al.  Exogenous glycosaminoglycans modulate extracellular and intracellular accumulation of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans by embryonic chick skin fibroblasts. , 1989, Cell biology international reports.

[22]  M. Cottler-Fox,et al.  Cytotoxic effects of cobalt-chromium alloys on fibroblasts derived from human gingiva. , 1987, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[23]  D. Smith,et al.  Biodegradation of the orthodontic bracket system. , 1986, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[24]  L. Niemi,et al.  In vitro cytotoxicity of Ag-Pd-Cu-based casting alloys. , 1985, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[25]  L. Blanco-Dalmau,et al.  A study of nickel allergy. , 1984, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[26]  T. Shearer,et al.  In vitro release of nickel and chromium from simulated orthodontic appliances. , 1983, American journal of orthodontics.

[27]  H S Dobbs,et al.  Metal ion release after total hip replacement. , 1980, Biomaterials.

[28]  G. Paludetti,et al.  Glycosaminoglycan metabolism and cytokine release in normal and otosclerotic human bone cells interleukin-1 treated. , 1997, Connective tissue research.

[29]  J. Wataha,et al.  Effects of metal ions on osteoblast-like cell metabolism and differentiation. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[30]  J. Wataha,et al.  Correlation between cytotoxicity and the elements released by dental casting alloys. , 1995, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[31]  S E Bishara,et al.  Biodegradation of orthodontic appliances. Part I. Biodegradation of nickel and chromium in vitro. , 1993, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[32]  P. Carinci,et al.  Coordinate effects of Concanavalin A on cytoskeletal organization, cell shape, glycosaminoglycan accumulation and exoglycosidase activity in chick embryonic cultured fibroblasts. , 1993, European journal of histochemistry : EJH.

[33]  Locci Paola,et al.  An evaluation of the mechanisms developmentally involved on cellular and extracellular glycosaminoglycans accumulation in chick embryo skin fibroblasts , 1992 .

[34]  L. Spångberg,et al.  The importance of material preparation for the expression of cytotoxicity during in vitro evaluation of biomaterials. , 1988, Journal of endodontics.

[35]  N. Gjerdet,et al.  Metal release from heat-treated orthodontic archwires. , 1987, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.