Surface grafting of artificial joints with a biocompatible polymer for preventing periprosthetic osteolysis

Periprosthetic osteolysis—bone loss in the vicinity of a prosthesis—is the most serious problem limiting the longevity of artificial joints. It is caused by bone-resorptive responses to wear particles originating from the articulating surface. This study investigated the effects of graft polymerization of our original biocompatible phospholipid polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) onto the polyethylene surface. Mechanical studies using a hip-joint simulator revealed that the MPC grafting markedly decreased the friction and the amount of wear. Osteoclastic bone resorption induced by subperiosteal injection of particles onto mouse calvariae was abolished by the MPC grafting on particles. MPC-grafted particles were shown to be biologically inert by culture systems with respect to phagocytosis and resorptive cytokine secretion by macrophages, subsequent expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in osteoblasts, and osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells. From the mechanical and biological advantages, we believe that our approach will make a major improvement in artificial joints by preventing periprosthetic osteolysis.

[1]  M. Zimmermann,et al.  Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals , 1983, Pain.

[2]  J. Galante,et al.  The Effects of Particulate Wear Debris, Cytokines, and Growth Factors on the Functions of MG-63 Osteoblasts , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[3]  P. Campbell,et al.  Isolation of predominantly submicron-sized UHMWPE wear particles from periprosthetic tissues. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[4]  H. Rubash,et al.  Quantitative analysis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris associated with total knee replacements. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[5]  Lewis,et al.  Phosphorylcholine-based polymers and their use in the prevention of biofouling. , 2000, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[6]  D. Sochart,et al.  Relationship of acetabular wear to osteolysis and loosening in total hip arthroplasty. , 1999, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[7]  J. Black,et al.  Metal on Metal Bearings: A Practical Alternative to Metal on Polyethylene Total Joints? , 1996, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[8]  A. Boskey,et al.  In Vivo RANK Signaling Blockade Using the Receptor Activator of NF‐κB:Fc Effectively Prevents and Ameliorates Wear Debris‐Induced Osteolysis via Osteoclast Depletion Without Inhibiting Osteogenesis , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[9]  N Nakabayashi,et al.  Preparation of nanoparticles composed with bioinspired 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[10]  W. Flynn,et al.  Fracture of the femoral head after ceramic-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty. , 1995, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[11]  R. Poss,et al.  Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated with the Use of an Acetabular Component with a Hylamer Liner* , 1997, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[12]  T. Wright,et al.  Analysis of surface damage in retrieved carbon fiber-reinforced and plain polyethylene tibial components from posterior stabilized total knee replacements. , 1988, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[13]  D. Dowson,et al.  Micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication of synovial joints. , 1986, Engineering in medicine.

[14]  T. Glant,et al.  Suppression of Osteoblast Function by Titanium Particles*† , 1997, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[15]  N Nakabayashi,et al.  Why do phospholipid polymers reduce protein adsorption? , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[16]  Mitsuo Umezu,et al.  In vivo evaluation of a MPC polymer coated continuous flow left ventricular assist system. , 2003, Artificial organs.

[17]  T. Glant,et al.  Osteolysis: basic science. , 2001, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[18]  B A Hills,et al.  Boundary lubrication in vivo , 2000, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[19]  J. Fisher,et al.  The influence of molecular weight, crosslinking and counterface roughness on TNF-alpha production by macrophages in response to ultra high molecular weight polyethylene particles. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[20]  A. Lewis,et al.  Analysis of a phosphorylcholine-based polymer coating on a coronary stent pre- and post-implantation. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[21]  E. Schwarz,et al.  Efficacy of ex vivo OPG gene therapy in preventing wear debris induced osteolysis , 2002, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[22]  F. Shen,et al.  Wear of gamma-crosslinked polyethylene acetabular cups against roughened femoral balls. , 1999, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[23]  Kazuhiko Ishihara,et al.  Preparation of Phospholipid Polylners and Their Properties as Polymer Hydrogel Membranes , 1990, Polymer Journal.

[24]  A. Edidin,et al.  Advances in the processing, sterilization, and crosslinking of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for total joint arthroplasty. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[25]  K. Ishihara,et al.  Improvement of blood compatibility on cellulose hemodialysis membrane: IV. Phospholipid polymer bonded to the membrane surface. , 1999, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[26]  G. Mundy,et al.  Effects of interleukin-1 on bone turnover in normal mice. , 1989, Endocrinology.

[27]  T. Wright,et al.  Fatigue crack propagation behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene , 1984, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[28]  Y. Azuma,et al.  Insulin receptor substrate-1 in osteoblast is indispensable for maintaining bone turnover. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[29]  W H Harris,et al.  Wear and periprosthetic osteolysis: the problem. , 2001, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[30]  J. Galante,et al.  Bone resorption activity of particulate‐stimulated macrophages , 1993, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[31]  K. An,et al.  Importance of a Radial Head Component in Sorbie Unlinked Total Elbow Arthroplasty , 2002, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[32]  W. Maloney,et al.  Isolation and characterization of wear particles generated in patients who have had failure of a hip arthroplasty without cement. , 1995, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[33]  Ebihara,et al.  Photoinduced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on polyethylene membrane surface for obtaining blood cell adhesion resistance. , 2000, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[34]  B. Morrey,et al.  The effectiveness of polyethylene versus titanium particles in inducing osteolysis in vivo , 2004, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[35]  M. Laberge,et al.  Sliding Friction Analysis of Phosphatidylcholine as a Boundary Lubricant for Articular Cartilage , 1993, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[36]  K. Ishihara,et al.  The vascular prosthesis without pseudointima prepared by antithrombogenic phospholipid polymer. , 2002, Biomaterials.