Real-Time Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensors gather information about the physical world and base station makes appropriate decision upon the environment. This technology enables users to effectively sense and monitor from a distance. WSN are slated to become very popular in the near future. It allows video/audio streaming to be transferred between sensor nodes in real-time. WSN can use real-time forwarding which means messages in the network are delivered according to their end-to-end deadlines (packet lifetime). This paper proposes a novel real-time routing protocol based on link quality, packet velocity over one-hop and remaining power in the sensor devices. The proposed routing has been successfully studied and verified through simulation and real test bed implementation. The results in this paper show that the proposed routing protocol has efficient power consumption, high packet delivery ratio and minimum control packet overhead in WSNs.

[1]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  Load balanced, energy-aware communications for Mars sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[2]  N. Fisal,et al.  Development of an indoor GPS-free self-positioning system for mobile ad hoc network (MANET) , 2005, 2005 13th IEEE International Conference on Networks Jointly held with the 2005 IEEE 7th Malaysia International Conf on Communic.

[3]  Chang-Gun Lee,et al.  Probabilistic QoS guarantee in reliability and timeliness domains in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[4]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings. Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[5]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks , 2003, 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003. Proceedings..

[6]  Lui Sha,et al.  Real-time communication and coordination in embedded sensor networks , 2003, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  L.A. Latiff,et al.  GPS-free indoor location tracking in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) using RSSI , 2004, 2004 RF and Microwave Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX924).

[8]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  a high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[9]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  a high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing , 2005, Wirel. Networks.

[10]  Janne Riihijärvi,et al.  Performance study of IEEE 802.15.4 using measurements and simulations , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006..

[11]  Rong-Hong Jan,et al.  Energy-aware, load balanced routing schemes for sensor networks , 2004, Proceedings. Tenth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2004. ICPADS 2004..

[12]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  Real-time Power Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005 .

[13]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[14]  N. Fisal,et al.  Optimal forwarding probability for real-time routing in wireless sensor network , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications.

[15]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[16]  Marco Zuniga,et al.  Analyzing the transitional region in low power wireless links , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..