Reconsidering the Cul-de-sac
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From the time it was introduced to the U.S. (in New Jersey in 1928), the cul de sac has been a preferred method for controlling through traffic. But, according to a new breed of urban planners, sometimes referred to as the New Urbanists, these streets symbolize the problems of suburbia, such as over-dependence on automobiles and social isolation. In addition, neighborhoods with curved streets and cul de sacs lack connectivity, making trips arduous for pedestrians. However, cul de sacs also have several advantages, such as less road construction (and thus reduced construction costs) and quiet, safe streets where children can play. A way to achieve the benefits of the cul de sac without compromising connectivity may be the creative cul de sac, modeled on the courts, closes and quadrangles found in English, French and German towns in the Middle Ages and in the Hampstead Garden suburb in London. These were carefully patterned to promote intimacy without severely diminishing accessibility.
[1] Oscar Newman,et al. Defensible Space: A New Physical Planning Tool for Urban Revitalization , 1995 .