Magnetic diffusion: Scalability, reliability, and QoS of data dissemination mechanisms for wireless sensor networks

Envisioning a new generation of sensor network applications in healthcare and workplace safety, we seek mechanisms that provide timely and reliable transmissions of mission-critical data. Inspired by the physics in magnetism, we propose a simple diffusion-based data dissemination mechanism, referred to as the magnetic diffusion (MD). In that, the data sink, functioning like the magnet, propagates the magnetic charge to set up the magnetic field. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the sensor data, functioning like the metallic nails, are attracted towards the sink. We compare MD to the state-of-the-art mechanisms and find that MD: (1) performs the best in timely delivery of data, (2) achieves high data reliability in the presence of network dynamics, and yet (3) works as energy efficiently as the state of the art. These suggest that MD is an effective data dissemination solution to the mission-critical applications.

[1]  H. Balakrishnan,et al.  Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[2]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  a high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[3]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[4]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  ESRT: event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[5]  Chieh-Yih Wan,et al.  PSFQ: a reliable transport protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.

[6]  Chieh-Yih Wan,et al.  CODA: congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[7]  Hyung Seok Kim,et al.  Minimum-energy asynchronous dissemination to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[8]  Haiyun Luo,et al.  A two-tier data dissemination model for large-scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[9]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Rumor routing algorthim for sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.

[10]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust” , 1999, MobiCom.

[11]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[12]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Advances in network simulation , 2000, Computer.

[13]  Ossama Younis,et al.  Distributed clustering in ad-hoc sensor networks: a hybrid, energy-efficient approach , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[14]  Baruch Awerbuch,et al.  High Throughput Route Selection in Multi-rate Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2004, WONS.

[15]  Koen Langendoen,et al.  An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[16]  Robert Szewczyk,et al.  System architecture directions for networked sensors , 2000, ASPLOS IX.

[17]  Katia Obraczka,et al.  Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[18]  David E. Culler,et al.  Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[19]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Rumor Routing Algorithm For Sensor Networks , 2002 .

[20]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  ReInForM: reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks , 2003, 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2003. LCN '03. Proceedings..

[21]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002 .

[22]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Interaction of retransmission, blacklisting, and routing metrics for reliability in sensor network routing , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[23]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[24]  Edward J. Coyle,et al.  An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[25]  David E. Culler,et al.  Reliable transfer on wireless sensor networks , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[26]  Robin Kravets,et al.  Distributed QoS guarantees for realtime traffic in ad hoc networks , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[27]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Geographic routing without location information , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[28]  Sergio D. Servetto,et al.  Constrained random walks on random graphs: routing algorithms for large scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.

[29]  NetworksWendi Rabiner Heinzelman,et al.  Adaptive Proto ols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor , 1999 .

[30]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Matching data dissemination algorithms to application requirements , 2003, SenSys '03.