The researchers have successfully designed and optimised several biomass grate furnaces using CFD analysis as an efficient tool. As a detailed CFD simulation of tube bank heat exchangers is currently impossible due to computational limitations, a finite cell based convective heat exchanger (CHE) model has been developed. A verifycation of the overall CFD model including a comparison with measurements from a large waste wood fired steam boiler was successfully performed. Measured CO emissions at boiler outlet and simulation results agreed very well. The comparison of simulation results with flue gas temperature measurements (suction pyrometer) in the first duct of the radiant boiler section showed an excellent qualitative agreement. The agreement between the CHE model results and temperature measurements at the inflow of the second superheater and the first economiser was very good as well. Concluding, the developed CHE model was successfully tested and it showed to be a powerful design and optimisation tool for convective heat exchangers. Furthermore, it forms an important basis for deposit formation models for biomass fired boilers, which are currently being developed.
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