Pathologie non allergique et exposition aux moisissures domestiques

Resume Introduction La presence de moisissures dans les logements est frequente. Le pneumologue doit donc en connaitre les risques pour la sante. Etat des connaissances Les aerocontaminants de l’air interieur de logements contamines par des moisissures sont extremement nombreux. Les effets sanitaires ne peuvent etre rattaches a un aerocontaminant unique. Dans le domaine respiratoire, en dehors des relations avec l’allergie et l’asthme, l’exposition aux moisissures est liee a une prevalence accrue de symptomes ORL et respiratoires. Les moisissures hydrophiles ont un impact plus marque sur la sante. Parmi les maladies respiratoires, seules les fievres d’inhalation et, probablement, les infections respiratoires de l’enfant pourraient y etre reliees. Les relations entre l’exposition aux moisissures domestiques et des pathologies telles que la sinusite, le syndrome d’irritation muqueuse, les infections respiratoires de l’adulte, la BPCO et les hemorragies pulmonaires sont peu documentees. Pour les effets extrarespiratoires, cutanes, gastro-intestinaux, neuropsychiques et les cancers, les donnees de la litterature ne sont pas concluantes. Perspectives Les incertitudes sont encore tres nombreuses. Pourtant, la reglementation et l’effort de recherche sont importants. Conclusion Il s’agit la d’un probleme sanitaire majeur qui demande pour sa meilleure maitrise une mobilisation de nombreux acteurs et des financements considerables.

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