3-D geomechanical rock mass characterization for the evaluation of rockslide susceptibility scenarios

An integrated methodology based on traditional field and remote surveys such as terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial infrared thermography is proposed, with the aim of defining susceptibility scenarios connected to rock slopes affected by instability processes. The proposed methodology was applied to a rock slope threatening a coastal panoramic roadway located in western Elba Island (Livorno district, central Italy). The final aim of the methodology was to obtain an accurate three-dimensional rock mass characterization in order to detect the potentially more hazardous rock mass portions, calculate their volume, and collect all the required geomechanical and geometrical parameters to perform a detailed stability analysis. The proposed approach proved to be an effective tool in the field of engineering geology and emergency management, when it is often urgently necessary to minimize survey time when operating in dangerous environments and gather all the required information as fast as possible.

[1]  Michael Forde,et al.  Application of infrared thermography to the non-destructive testing of concrete and masonry bridges , 2003 .

[2]  R. Hack,et al.  Method for Automated Discontinuity Analysis of Rock Slopes with Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning , 2005 .

[3]  F. Innocenti,et al.  The magmatic evolution of the late Miocene laccolith–pluton–dyke granitic complex of Elba Island, Italy , 2002, Geological Magazine.

[4]  S. Slob,et al.  Fracture mapping using 3D laser scanning techniques , 2007 .

[5]  J. A. Franklin,et al.  Suggested method for determining point load strength , 1985 .

[6]  V. Bortolotti,et al.  GEOLOGY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN ELBA ISLAND, ITALY , 2001 .

[7]  Asimina Athanatopoulou,et al.  Orientation effects of horizontal seismic components on longitudinal reinforcement in R/C frame elements , 2012 .

[8]  David Bečkovský,et al.  Application of infrared thermography for mapping open fractures in deep-seated rockslides and unstable cliffs , 2014, Landslides.

[9]  F. Innocenti,et al.  WHEN AND WHERE DID HYBRIDIZATION OCCUR? THE CASE OF THE MONTE CAPANNE PLUTON, ITALY , 2003 .

[10]  D. Stead,et al.  Quantifying discontinuity orientation and persistence on high mountain rock slopes and large landslides using terrestrial remote sensing techniques , 2009 .

[11]  N. Casagli,et al.  Brief communication "Analysis of deformations in historic urban areas using terrestrial laser scanning" , 2009 .

[12]  Michel Jaboyedoff,et al.  Structural analysis of Turtle Mountain (Alberta) using digital elevation model: Toward a progressive failure , 2009 .

[13]  S. Slob,et al.  AN APPROACH TO AUTOMATE DISCONTINUITY MEASUREMENTS OF ROCK FACES USING LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES , 2002 .

[14]  Nick Barton,et al.  The shear strength of rock and rock joints , 1976 .

[15]  Mark S. Diederichs,et al.  Optimization of LiDAR scanning and processing for automated structural evaluation of discontinuities in rockmasses , 2009 .

[16]  A. Karakas Practical Rock Engineering , 2008 .

[17]  F. Innocenti,et al.  Rapid incremental assembly of the Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Tuscany) by downward stacking of magma sheets , 2010 .

[18]  Hung Ming Lin,et al.  Integrity assessment of rock mass behind the shotcreted slope using thermography , 2005 .

[19]  Helen Reeves,et al.  Engineering Geology for Tomorrow’s Cities , 2009 .

[20]  F. Albarède,et al.  Isotopic Heterogeneities in the Granitic Intrusion of Monte Capanne (Elba Island, Italy) and Dating Concepts , 1984 .

[21]  Eugenio Castelli,et al.  IRTROCK: A MATLAB toolbox for contactless recognition of surface and shallow weakness of a rock cliff by infrared thermography , 2012, Comput. Geosci..

[22]  Ayse Tavukcuoglu,et al.  Use of IR thermography for the assessment of surface-water drainage problems in a historical building, Ağzıkarahan (Aksaray), Turkey , 2005 .

[23]  Deodato Tapete,et al.  Instability mechanisms affecting cultural heritage sites in the Maltese Archipelago , 2012 .

[24]  N. Barton,et al.  The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice , 1977 .

[25]  M. Jaboyedoff,et al.  Characterization and monitoring of the Åknes rockslide using terrestrial laser scanning , 2009 .

[26]  M. Maksimović,et al.  The shear strength components of a rough rock joint , 1996 .

[27]  F. Patton Multiple Modes of Shear Failure In Rock , 1966 .

[28]  Nicola Casagli,et al.  Semi-automatic extraction of rock mass structural data from high resolution LIDAR point clouds , 2011 .

[29]  Robert Hack,et al.  Deriving roughness characteristics of rock mass discontinuities from terrestrial laser scan data , 2006 .

[30]  S. Slob,et al.  3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning as a New Field Measurement and Monitoring Technique , 2004 .

[31]  J. Kemeny,et al.  Evaluation, and management of unstable rock slopes by 3D laser scanning , 2006 .

[32]  Deodato Tapete,et al.  Terrestrial laser scanning for rockfall stability analysis in the cultural heritage site of Pitigliano (Italy) , 2013, Landslides.

[33]  Gianfranco Forlani,et al.  Advanced Geostructural Survey Methods Applied to Rock Mass Characterization , 2009 .

[34]  N. Barton,et al.  Effects Of Block Size On The Shear Behavior Of Jointed Rock , 1982 .

[35]  R. Metzger,et al.  New insight techniques to analyze rock-slope relief using DEM and 3D-imaging cloud points: COLTOP-3D software , 2007 .

[36]  R. Hack,et al.  Evaluation , and management of unstable rock slopes by 3-D laser scanning , 2006 .

[37]  R. Hack,et al.  A METHOD FOR AUTOMATED DISCONTINUITY ANALYSIS OF ROCK SLOPES WITH 3D LASER SCANNING. , 2005 .

[38]  A. Abellán,et al.  Detection and spatial prediction of rockfalls by means of terrestrial laser scanner monitoring , 2010 .

[39]  A. Abellán,et al.  Application of a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner to a detailed rockfall study at Vall de Núria (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain) , 2006 .

[40]  Nicola Casagli,et al.  Correlation between erosion patterns and rockfall hazard susceptibility in hilltop fortifications by terrestrial laser scanning and diagnostic investigations , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.