Diversity of acetic acid bacteria in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines

A total of 331 strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from Indonesian, Thai, and Philippine sources using five enrichment media at pH 3.5. All isolates were subjected to the study of the diversity of acetic acid bacteria in the light of country origins, enrichment media used, and isolation sources. Acetobacter, Gluconacetobacter, and Kozakia strains were enriched in a medium containing glucose-acetic acid-ethanol but Asaia and Frateuria strains were inhibited by acetic acid. Furthermore, Acetobacter strains were mainly isolated from fermented foods, Gluconobacter strains from fruits and flowers, Gluconacetobacter strains from fermented foods, and most of Asaia strains from flowers. Kozakia baliensis strains were isolated from ragi（starter for fermented foods） and palm brown sugar in Indonesia, and Frateuria aurantia strains were isolated from fruits and flowers in Indonesia. No Acidomonas strains were isolated from the sources used in this study. This study showed the diversity of acetic acid bacteria in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines.

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