Online Analytical Determination Modes

Most uses of flow techniques involve the quantitative determination of some target species. This chapter describes various ways of using flow techniques with quantitative purposes, such as calibration curves, based on peak height or peak area, and titrations, based on distance between equivalence points or single-point method. Stopped-flow technique can be used for both, quantitative approach, for example in kinetic methods, or for qualitative determinations inasmuch as it allows spectral and potential scans to be performed. Multiparameter analysis is presented in two forms to be carried out, by multivariate chemometric techniques or by applying sandwich technique. Finally, smart systems are presented as a step forward in automation, commonly used in multiparameter analysis.

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