Saccular function is associated with both angular and distance errors on the triangle completion test

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine whether healthy older adults with age-related vestibular loss have deficits in spatial navigation. METHODS 154 adults participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were tested for semicircular canal, saccular, and utricular function and spatial navigation ability using the blindfolded Triangle Completion Test (TCT). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationships between each measure of vestibular function and performance on the TCT (angular error, end point error, and distance walked) while controlling for age and sex. RESULTS Individuals with abnormal saccular function made larger angular errors (β = 4.2°, p < 0.05) and larger end point errors (β = 13.6 cm, p < 0.05). Independent of vestibular function, older age was associated with larger angular (β's = 2.2-2.8°, p's < 0.005) and end point errors (β's = 7.5-9.0 cm, p's < 0.005) for each decade increment in age. CONCLUSIONS Saccular function appears to play a prominent role in accurate spatial navigation during a blindfolded navigation task. SIGNIFICANCE We hypothesize that gravitational cues detected by the saccule may be integrated into estimation of place as well as heading direction.