Multiphoton autofluorescence and second-harmonic generation diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

By using two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) and second harmonics generation (SHG), we imaged hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biopsies from the human patients and compared them with the conventional histological biopsies. We found that multiphoton microscopy may be used to obtain label-free images of liver tissues and may be developed into an effective diagnostic tool for liver diseases.