A comprehensive review of the theoretical approaches for the airfoil design of lift-type vertical axis wind turbine

The airfoil researches of the Darrieus wind turbine will not only affect the power coefficient (CP), but also has great impact on the rotor׳s starting ability. A review on a wide number of different design approaches is conducted in this work to change the current situation in which the airfoil research of Darrieus rotor is not sufficient both in depth and in width. Different from the previous review work, this paper not only gives a comprehensive review of the current Darrieus airfoil׳s research approaches but also discussed the applicability of their design processes based on research topics, especially for the approaches based on Panel and the CFD method. Two ways of building airfoil database and current progress of the approach based on Momentum, Vortex and Cascade are addressed. In the end, two promising inverse approaches are proposed for the future study of the Darrieus airfoil. Thus, the aim of this paper is to guide relevant readers and experts to find a proper airfoil design approach considering the research purposes, applicability of design approach based on different theoretical methods and adaptability of design approaches׳ processes.

[1]  Young-Doo Kwon,et al.  Convergence enhanced genetic algorithm with successive zooming method for solving continuous optimization problems , 2003 .

[2]  Kevin W. McLaren,et al.  A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UNSTEADY LOADING OF HIGH SOLIDITY VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES , 2011 .

[3]  Nelson Manzanares Filho,et al.  A fast algorithm for inverse airfoil design using a transpiration model and an improved vortex panel method , 2007 .

[4]  F. Scarano,et al.  Visualization by PIV of dynamic stall on a vertical axis wind turbine , 2009 .

[5]  Fanzhong Meng,et al.  A free wake vortex lattice model for vertical axis wind turbines: Modeling, verification and validation , 2014 .

[6]  R. E. Sheldahl,et al.  Aerodynamic performance of a 5-m diameter Darrieus turbine , 1980 .

[7]  H. Bijl,et al.  Simulating Dynamic Stall in a 2D VAWT: Modeling strategy, verification and validation with Particle Image Velocimetry data , 2007 .

[8]  P. B. S. Lissaman,et al.  Applied Aerodynamics of Wind Power Machines , 1974, Renewable Energy.

[9]  Frank Scheurich,et al.  Modelling the aerodynamics of vertical-axis wind turbines , 2011 .

[10]  Robert J. McGhee,et al.  Performance Measurements of an Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers , 1989 .

[11]  Louis Angelo M. Danao,et al.  A numerical analysis of unsteady inflow wind for site specific vertical axis wind turbine: A case study for Marsabit and Garissa in Kenya , 2015 .

[12]  I. Paraschivoiu.  Wind turbine design with emphasis on Darrieus concept [ressource électronique] / Ion Paraschivoiu , 2002 .

[13]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  Innovative Discrete-Vortex Model for Dynamic Stall Simulations , 2015 .

[14]  T. Ogawa,et al.  Theoretical study on the flow about Savonius rotor , 1984 .

[15]  I. Paraschivoiu,et al.  Double-multiple streamtube model for Darrieus in turbines , 1981 .

[16]  Anders Goude,et al.  Simulating Dynamic Stall Effects for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Applying a Double Multiple Streamtube Model , 2015 .

[17]  Endre Pap,et al.  Multi-objective optimization of the airfoil shape of Wells turbine used for wave energy conversion , 2011 .

[18]  Brian H. Dennis,et al.  Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Using Differential Evolution , 2012 .

[19]  E. William Beans,et al.  Method for Estimating the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Wind Turbine Blades at High Angles of Attack , 1983 .

[20]  R. Ricci,et al.  Enhancement of Savonius wind rotor aerodynamic performance: a computational study of new blade shapes and curtain systems , 2015 .

[21]  Vimal Kumar,et al.  Low Reynolds Number Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Mars , 2010 .

[22]  D. Greenblatt,et al.  Dynamic Stall Control on a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Plasma Actuators , 2014 .

[23]  Mazharul Islam,et al.  Performance analysis of a smaller-capacity straight-bladed VAWT with prospective airfoils , 2008 .

[24]  Peter Fuglsang,et al.  Design of the wind turbine airfoil family RISØ-A-XX , 1998 .

[25]  H. Sobieczky.  Parametric Airfoils and Wings , 1999 .

[26]  Chukwudi Anyakoha,et al.  A review of particle swarm optimization. Part I: background and development , 2007, Natural Computing.

[27]  R. Templin.  Aerodynamic performance theory for the NRC vertical-axis wind turbine , 1974 .

[28]  Stefano Mauro,et al.  2D CFD Modeling of H-Darrieus Wind Turbines Using a Transition Turbulence Model , 2014 .

[29]  Steen Krenk,et al.  Dynamic Stall Model for Wind Turbine Airfoils , 2007 .

[30]  Eastman N. Jacobs,et al.  Airfoil section characteristics as affected by variations of the Reynolds number , 1939 .

[31]  Louis Angelo M. Danao,et al.  Influence of operating conditions on unsteady wind performance of vertical axis wind turbines operating within a fluctuating free-stream: A numerical study , 2014 .

[32]  Mazharul Islam,et al.  Desirable Airfoil Features for Smaller-Capacity Straight-Bladed VAWT , 2007 .

[33]  A. Jahangirian,et al.  Airfoil shape parameterization for optimum Navier–Stokes design with genetic algorithm , 2007 .

[34]  M. Wosnik,et al.  Characterising the near-wake of a cross-flow turbine , 2015 .

[35]  L. B. Wang,et al.  A potential flow 2-D vortex panel model: Applications to vertical axis straight blade tidal turbine , 2007 .

[36]  Carlos Simao Ferreira,et al.  2D PIV Visualization of Dynamic Stall on a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine , 2007 .

[37]  Christian Masson,et al.  Blade Tip, Finite Aspect Ratio, and Dynamic Stall Effects on the Darrieus Rotor , 1988 .

[38]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  Optimization of a Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine using blade element – momentum theory and evolutionary algorithm , 2013 .

[39]  P. G. Migliore,et al.  Comparison of NACA 6-series and 4-digit airfoils for Darrieus wind turbines , 1983 .

[40]  S Mertens,et al.  Performance of an H-Darrieus in the Skewed Flow on a Roof , 2003 .

[41]  Pourya Alamdari,et al.  Aerodynamic design and economical evaluation of site specific small vertical axis wind turbines , 2013 .

[42]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Dynamic Stall Modeling for the Conditions of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines , 2014 .

[43]  C. L. Ladson,et al.  Development of a computer program to obtain ordinates for NACA 4-digit, 4-digit modified, 5-digit, and 16 series airfoils , 1975 .

[44]  M. H. Mohamed,et al.  Performance investigation of H-rotor Darrieus turbine with new airfoil shapes , 2012 .

[45]  Rémi Bourguet,et al.  Aerodynamic Multi-Criteria Shape Optimization of VAWT Blade Profile by Viscous Approach , 2007 .

[46]  I. Akhtar,et al.  Quantification of the effects of geometric approximations on the performance of a vertical axis wind turbine , 2015 .

[47]  Lih Shyng Shyu,et al.  A Pilot Study of Vertical-Axis Turbine Wind Farm Layout Planning , 2014 .

[48]  R. D. Misra,et al.  Investigation of self-starting and high rotor solidity on the performance of a three S1210 blade H-type Darrieus rotor , 2015 .

[49]  Louis Angelo M. Danao,et al.  A numerical investigation into the influence of unsteady wind on the performance and aerodynamics of a vertical axis wind turbine , 2014 .

[50]  J. Katz,et al.  Low-Speed Aerodynamics , 1991 .

[51]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  The Darrieus wind turbine: Proposal for a new performance prediction model based on CFD , 2011 .

[52]  M. H. Mohamed.  Impacts of solidity and hybrid system in small wind turbines performance , 2013 .

[53]  Baron Gene Brownlee.  A vortex model for the vertical axis wind turbine , 1988 .

[54]  J. H. Strickland,et al.  A Vortex Model of the Darrieus Turbine: An Analytical and Experimental Study , 1979 .

[55]  Gábor Janiga,et al.  Optimal blade shape of a modified Savonius turbine using an obstacle shielding the returning blade , 2011 .

[56]  Torgeir Moan,et al.  Model improvements for evaluating the effect of tower tilting on the aerodynamics of a vertical axis wind turbine , 2013 .

[57]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  Evaluation of the different aerodynamic databases for vertical axis wind turbine simulations , 2014 .

[58]  C. J. Simao Ferreira,et al.  Comparison of aerodynamic models for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines , 2014 .

[59]  Ning Qin,et al.  Wind tunnel and numerical study of a small vertical axis wind turbine , 2008 .

[60]  I. Paraschivoiu,et al.  Aerodynamic analysis of the Darrieus rotor including secondary effects , 1983 .

[61]  R. Hilbert,et al.  Multi-objective shape optimization of a heat exchanger using parallel genetic algorithms , 2006 .

[62]  M. Maughmer,et al.  Generalized multipoint inverse arifoil design , 1992 .

[63]  J. Achard,et al.  2D Numerical Simulations of Blade-Vortex Interaction in a Darrieus Turbine , 2009 .

[64]  C MandalA,et al.  The Effects of Dynamic Stall and Flow Curvature on the Aerodynamics of Darrieus Turbines Applying the Cascade Model. , 1994 .

[65]  Louis Angelo M. Danao,et al.  PIV measurements and CFD simulation of the performance and flow physics and of a small‐scale vertical axis wind turbine , 2015 .

[66]  Ruzhu Wang,et al.  Advances in wind energy resource exploitation in urban environment: A review , 2014 .

[67]  Brian Kinloch Kirke.  Evaluation of Self-Starting Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Stand-Alone Applications , 1998 .

[68]  F. Trivellato,et al.  On the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy criterion of rotating grids in 2D vertical-axis wind turbine analysis , 2014 .

[69]  Chao Li,et al.  2.5D large eddy simulation of vertical axis wind turbine in consideration of high angle of attack flow , 2013 .

[70]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  Proposal for an innovative chord distribution in the Troposkien vertical axis wind turbine concept , 2014 .

[71]  J. Strickland,et al.  Dynamic-stall regulation of the Darrieus turbine , 1983 .

[72]  C. Ferreira.  The near wake of the VAWT: 2D and 3D views of the VAWT aerodynamics , 2009 .

[73]  B. Kulfan.  Universal Parametric Geometry Representation Method , 2008 .

[74]  Gábor Janiga,et al.  Optimization of Savonius turbines using an obstacle shielding the returning blade , 2010 .

[75]  Wenbin Ju,et al.  Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine: Basic research methods , 2015 .

[76]  J. R. Baker.  Features to aid or enable self starting of fixed pitch low solidity vertical axis wind turbines , 1983 .

[77]  M. Drela.  XFOIL: An Analysis and Design System for Low Reynolds Number Airfoils , 1989 .

[78]  Mazharul Islam,et al.  Aerodynamic models for Darrieus-type straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines , 2008 .

[79]  João C.C. Henriques,et al.  Design of a new urban wind turbine airfoil using a pressure-load inverse method , 2009 .

[80]  Hongxing Yang,et al.  A novel vertical axis water turbine for power generation from water pipelines , 2013 .

[81]  I. Paraschivoiu,et al.  Viscous Flow and Dynamic Stall Effects on Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines , 1995 .

[82]  Takahiro Kiwata,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation of a three-dimensional vertical-axis wind turbine with variable-pitch , 2015 .

[83]  Ernesto Benini,et al.  Optimal spanwise chord and thickness distribution for a Troposkien Darrieus wind turbine , 2014 .

[84]  Kamaruzzaman Sopian,et al.  Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine for power generation II: Challenges in HAWT and the opportunity of multi-megawatt Darrieus VAWT development , 2015 .

[85]  Luai M. Al-Hadhrami.  Performance evaluation of small wind turbines for off grid applications in Saudi Arabia , 2014 .

[86]  Jang-Ho Lee,et al.  Study on the analysis method for the vertical-axis wind turbines having Darrieus blades , 2013 .

[87]  A. Jahangirian,et al.  Inverse design of transonic airfoils using genetic algorithm and a new parametric shape method , 2009 .

[88]  Mats Leijon,et al.  Evaluation of different turbine concepts for wind power , 2008 .

[89]  Valentina Motta,et al.  Three-dimensional simulation of a complete Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using overlapping grids , 2014, J. Comput. Appl. Math..

[90]  Ashok Gopalarathnam,et al.  Low-Speed Natural-Laminar-Flow Airfoils: Case Study in Inverse Airfoil Design , 2001 .

[91]  P. G. Migliore,et al.  Flow Curvature Effects on Darrieus Turbine Blade Aerodynamics , 1980 .

[92]  Farooq Saeed,et al.  Inverse Airfoil Design Method for Low-Speed Straight-Bladed Darrieus-Type VAWT Applications , 2011 .

[93]  Jeppe Johansen,et al.  Wind turbine airfoil catalogue , 2001 .

[94]  John A. Jacquez,et al.  DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS , 1998 .

[95]  Francesco Balduzzi,et al.  Feasibility analysis of a Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine installation in the rooftop of a building , 2012 .

[96]  Holger Babinsky,et al.  Convergence Failure and Stall Hysteresis in Actuator-Disk Momentum Models Applied to Vertical Axis Wind Turbines , 2009 .

[97]  Maurizio Collu,et al.  Offshore floating vertical axis wind turbines, dynamics modelling state of the art. Part II: Mooring line and structural dynamics , 2014 .

[98]  Wassim A. Basha,et al.  Drag Prediction in Transitional Flow Over Airfoils , 2007 .

[99]  Derek B. Ingham,et al.  Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) mesh independency techniques for a straight blade vertical axis wind turbine , 2013 .

[100]  G. Janiga,et al.  Optimization and Computational Fluid Dynamics , 2008 .

[101]  Albert E. von Doenhoff,et al.  Tests of 16 related airfoils at high speed , 1934 .