Toll‐like receptor 4 signalling mediates inflammation in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease

Inflammation in skeletal muscle is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cachexia but why uremia up‐regulates pro‐inflammatory cytokines is unknown. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) regulate locally the innate immune responses, but it is unknown whether in chronic kidney disease (CKD) TLR4 muscle signalling is altered. The aim of the study is to investigate whether in CKD muscle, TLRs had abnormal function and may be involved in transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokine.

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