Design of environmentally responsible structures in regions of high seismic risk

Historically, the effects of buildings on the changing environment were evaluated based on the daily operations and energy use of their mechanical, electrical and plumbing building systems. Structures themselves were typically given little or no consideration. Structures contribute to carbon emissions during the building process and over their service life, especially if they are located in regions of high seismic risk. The carbon footprint associated with the damage, repair, partial or full demolition and reconstruction of structures has a considerable effect on the environment. The efficiency of structures must not only be evaluated based on initial cost, constructability and material availability but also be evaluated based on the long-term environmental effects. The superior performance of enhanced structural systems may have a positive effect on limiting carbon emissions depending on the regional seismicity. A carbon footprint calculator including life cycle, damage and cost–benefit models has been developed to consider a building's overall impact on the environment from initial construction through the full service life of the structure.