Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bal 150 Crude Oil Asphaltenes

Supercritical fluid extractions (SFE) from BAL 150 asphaltenes were achieved with carbon dioxide as solvent under various experimental conditions (pressure, temperature, extraction time, and presence of cosolvent). SFE yields were between 5 and 12% of total asphaltenes. Extracts contained mainly linear alkanes (with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C30), various branched alkanes, and a multitude of complex branched and cyclic alkanes as shown by the GC/MS chromatograms. Many aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroaromatic compounds and their methyl derivatives, and polar compounds were also extracted. The best balance between rapid and efficient extraction was obtained for an extraction time of 60 min. Within the range of the study (40−50 °C), the temperature did not show a marked influence upon the extraction efficiency. Pressure and presence of cosolvent appeared to be the major parameters. Increasing pressure (from 130 to 300 bar) yielded to preferential extraction of heavy n-alkanes, more branched and cyclic a...

[1]  L. Asia,et al.  A fraction to fraction study of photo-oxidation of BAL 150 crude oil asphaltenes , 1998 .

[2]  E. Bandurski.  Structural Similarities Between Oil-Generating Kerogens and Petroleum Asphaltenes , 1982 .

[3]  S. Hawthorne,et al.  Combined Temperature/Modifier Effects on Supercritical CO2 Extraction Efficiencies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples , 1995 .

[4]  Hing-Biu Lee,et al.  Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediments , 1993 .

[5]  T. Yen,et al.  A study of the structure of petroleum asphaltenes and related substances by infrared spectroscopy , 1984 .

[6]  S. Hawthorne,et al.  Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil , 1993 .

[7]  S. Hawthorne,et al.  Extraction and Recovery of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Solids and Tenax-GC Using Supercritical CO2 , 1986 .

[8]  S. Hawthorne,et al.  Comparison of sorbent and solvent trapping after supercritical fluid extraction of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons from soil , 1995 .

[9]  D. Barth,et al.  Extraction of hydrocarbons from sedimentary rocks by supercritical carbon dioxide , 1988 .

[10]  R. Bartha,et al.  Supercritical fluid extraction of coal tar contaminated soil , 1990 .

[11]  J. Veuthey,et al.  Extraction of biomarkers from sediments with supercritical carbon dioxide: A comparative study with solvent extraction and thermodesorption methods , 1990 .

[12]  S. Rowland,et al.  The widespread occurrence of highly branched acyclic C20, C25 and C30 hydrocarbons in recent sediments and biota—A review , 1990 .

[13]  Wenlu Li.  Determination of volatile hydrocarbons in coals and shales using supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography , 1997 .

[14]  G. Madras,et al.  Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of organics from soil , 1993 .

[15]  B. Benner.  Summarizing the effectiveness of supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from natural matrix environmental samples. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  K. Furton,et al.  High-temperature supercritical fluid extraction of hydrocarbons from geological samples and comparison to Soxhlet extraction , 1994 .

[17]  V. R. Parameswaran,et al.  Supercritical extraction of Stuart oil shale , 1988 .

[18]  F. Behar,et al.  Geochemistry of asphaltenes , 1984 .

[19]  P. Doumenq,et al.  Biodegradation of the (aliphatic + aromatic) fraction of Oural crude oil. Biomarker identification using GC/MS SIM and GC/MS/MS. , 1996, Talanta.

[20]  J. M. Levy,et al.  Considerations of SFE for GC/MS Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Sediments , 1993 .

[21]  K. Hutchenson.  Fractionation of Petroleum Pitch by Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Experimental Phase Behavior and Thermodynamic Modeling , 1990 .

[22]  V. Calemma,et al.  Characterization of asphaltenes molecular structure , 1998 .

[23]  John J. Langenfeld,et al.  Comparison of supercritical chlorodifluoromethane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , 1992 .

[24]  O. Strausz,et al.  Pyrolysis of asphaltenes: a source of geochemical information , 1979 .

[25]  T. Greibrokk,et al.  Multistage supercritical fluid extraction of petroleum source rocks: application to samples from Kimmeridge clay and Posidonia Shale formations , 1992 .

[26]  V. Calemma,et al.  Structural characterization of asphaltenes of different origins , 1995 .