An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling for Social and Personality Psychology

Multilevel modeling is a technique that has numerous potential applications for social and personality psychology. To help realize this potential, this article provides an introduction to multilevel modeling with an emphasis on some of its applications in social and personality psychology. This introduction includes a description of multilevel modeling, a rationale for this technique, and a discussion of applications of multilevel modeling in social and personality psychological research. Some of the subtleties of setting up multilevel analyses and interpreting results are presented, and software options are discussed.

[1]  John B. Nezlek.  Cross-Cultural Research Methods in Psychology: Multilevel Modeling and Cross-Cultural Research , 2010 .

[2]  John B. Nezlek,et al.  Sex differences in social participation , 1977 .

[3]  L. Wheeler,et al.  Self‐Recording of Everyday Life Events: Origins, Types, and Uses , 1991 .

[4]  John B. Nezlek,et al.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Nezlek / Multilevel Random Coefficient Analyses Multilevel Random Coefficient Analyses of Event-and Interval-contingent Data in Social and Personality Psychology Research , 2022 .

[5]  Craig K. Enders,et al.  Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue. , 2007, Psychological methods.

[6]  Jan de Leeuw,et al.  Introducing Multilevel Modeling , 1998 .

[7]  John B. Nezlek,et al.  Using hierarchical linear modeling to analyze grouped data. , 1998 .

[8]  Tobias Richter,et al.  What Is Wrong With ANOVA and Multiple Regression? Analyzing Sentence Reading Times With Hierarchical Linear Models , 2006 .

[9]  John B. Nezlek,et al.  A multilevel framework for understanding relationships among traits, states, situations and behaviours , 2007 .

[10]  R. Krueger,et al.  Handbook of research methods in personality psychology , 2007 .

[11]  R. Littell.  SAS System for Mixed Models , 1996 .

[12]  Yuk Fai Cheong,et al.  HLM 6: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling , 2000 .

[13]  Judith D. Singer,et al.  Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models , 1998 .

[14]  W. Fleeson.  Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: traits as density distribution of states. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[15]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The statistical analysis of data from small groups. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[16]  John B. Nezlek,et al.  Using Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling to Analyze Social Interaction Diary Data , 2003 .

[17]  J. Hox,et al.  Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modeling , 2005 .