Influence of Torrefaction Pretreatment on Reactivity and Permanent Gas Formation during Devolatilization of Spruce

Torrefaction has shown potential for improving biomass properties and converting biomass to a more coal-like fuel. In this paper, both fast and slow devolatilization behaviors of untreated spruce and spruce torrefied at 290 °C and 20–30 min holding time have been studied by conducting experiments in a bench-scale heated foil reactor and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The former has been applied to estimate the permanent gas formation for biomass entering a fluidized bed reactor, and the latter has been used to determine the effect of torrefaction on (slow) devolatilization reaction kinetics. The reaction kinetics were derived using the Reaction Rate Constant Method and the Senum and Yang Temperature Integral Approximation. The gases produced during fast devolatilization, applying a constant heating rate and a final temperature in the range of 500–1000 °C, were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tars were collected and quantified gravimetrically. Results show that the act...

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