Energy upconversion and spectroscopic studies of holmium-doped ZBLAN fibers

Green upconversion signals were observed from the 5S2 levels of holmium ion under 2 mW HeNe laser excitation. Under a dye laser or Ar+ laser excitation, we also observed blue upconversion signals from 3H6, 5G4 and 5G5 levels in addition to the green and red signals.

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