Effects of visual and cognitive interference on joint contributions in perturbed standing: a temporal and spectral analysis

Postural balance requires using joint strategies which may be changed from normal conditions by interfering with the sensory information. The goal of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate the role of the joint mechanisms during perturbed stance. Visual and cognitive interference was imposed to sixteen healthy young males under rotational toes-down or up perturbations. Power spectral analysis was employed to distinguish the joint contribution and their in- or out-phase co-works. Results showed that addition of cognitive loads reduce the stability by increasing the center of mass (CoM) power to three times greater. Besides the CoM, the knee and hip powers were also significantly enhanced by the cognitive loads (p < .004), but the ankle was not influenced by cognition involvement (p > .05). Elimination of the vision had lower effect on the time and spectral functions of the knee and hip while the ankle rotations were increased due to the lack of visual feedback (p = .001). The toes-down perturbations resulted in more prominent contribution of the knee while the toes-up evoked the hip joint to keep the balance more than the other joints. Addition of the cognitive loads hindered the reactions of the joint mechanisms and vision caused more conservative responses of the joints.

[1]  L. Oddsson,et al.  Postural control among children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in single and dual conditions , 2012, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[2]  B. Colobert,et al.  Estimation of the 3-D center of mass excursion from force-plate data during standing , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[3]  L Borel,et al.  Age-related changes in posture control are differentially affected by postural and cognitive task complexity. , 2009, Current aging science.

[4]  Marc Bélanger,et al.  Effects of plantar cutaneo-muscular and tendon vibration on posture and balance during quiet and perturbed stance. , 2011, Human movement science.

[5]  F. Horak,et al.  EMG responses to maintain stance during multidirectional surface translations. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  F E Zajac,et al.  Ankle and hip postural strategies defined by joint torques. , 1999, Gait & posture.

[7]  S. Bouisset,et al.  Posture, dynamic stability, and voluntary movement , 2008, Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology.

[8]  F. Horak,et al.  Postural feedback responses scale with biomechanical constraints in human standing , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[9]  T. Brandt,et al.  Balance control and anti‐gravity muscle activity during the experience of fear at heights , 2014, Physiological reports.

[10]  John P. Scholz,et al.  Joint coordination during quiet stance: effects of vision , 2005, Experimental Brain Research.

[11]  Sebastiaan Overeem,et al.  First trial postural reactions to unexpected balance disturbances: a comparison with the acoustic startle reaction. , 2010, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  Silvia Conforto,et al.  Respiration and postural sway: detection of phase synchronizations and interactions. , 2004, Human movement science.

[13]  Cécile Parietti-Winkler,et al.  Sensorimotor postural rearrangement after unilateral vestibular deafferentation in patients with acoustic neuroma , 2006, Neuroscience Research.

[14]  N. Benjuya,et al.  Aging-induced shifts from a reliance on sensory input to muscle cocontraction during balanced standing. , 2004, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[15]  Jun Ota,et al.  Human upright posture control models based on multisensory inputs; in fast and slow dynamics , 2016, Neuroscience Research.

[16]  R. Chong,et al.  Specific interference between a cognitive task and sensory organization for stance balance control in healthy young adults: Visuospatial effects , 2010, Neuropsychologia.

[17]  P. Rougier,et al.  The influence of having the eyelids open or closed on undisturbed postural control , 2003, Neuroscience Research.

[18]  T. Kiemel,et al.  Identification of the plant for upright stance in humans: multiple movement patterns from a single neural strategy. , 2008, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  D. Cicchetti,et al.  Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. , 1981, American journal of mental deficiency.

[20]  Karl M. Newell,et al.  The Degrees of Freedom Problem in Human Standing Posture: Collective and Component Dynamics , 2014, PloS one.

[21]  Chih-Hsiu Cheng,et al.  Multi-muscle coordination during a challenging stance , 2015, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[22]  G. McCollum,et al.  Form and exploration of mechanical stability limits in erect stance. , 1989, Journal of motor behavior.

[23]  G. Gauchard,et al.  On the role of knee joint in balance control and postural strategies: effects of total knee replacement in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis. , 2010, Gait & posture.

[24]  N. Šarabon,et al.  Validity and reliability of different kinematics methods used for bike fitting , 2014, Journal of sports sciences.

[25]  Silvia Conforto,et al.  Cognitive load affects postural control in children , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[26]  L. Duffell,et al.  Electromyographic activity of pelvic and lower limb muscles during postural tasks in people with benign joint hypermobility syndrome and non hypermobile people. A pilot study , 2011, Manual therapy.

[27]  Tim Kiemel,et al.  Control and estimation of posture during quiet stance depends on multijoint coordination. , 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.

[28]  C. Cross,et al.  Postural balance in young adults: The role of visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems , 2012, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

[29]  Marco Schieppati,et al.  Body sway adaptation to addition but not withdrawal of stabilizing visual information is delayed by a concurrent cognitive task. , 2017, Journal of neurophysiology.

[30]  Sang-I Lin,et al.  Sensitivity of plantar cutaneous sensation and postural stability. , 2008, Clinical biomechanics.

[31]  Aviroop Dutt-Mazumder,et al.  Maintenance of postural stability as a function of tilted base of support. , 2016, Human movement science.

[32]  Normand Teasdale,et al.  Perturbation of the postural control system induced by muscular fatigue. , 2003, Gait & posture.

[33]  Herman van der Kooij,et al.  Identification of the contribution of the ankle and hip joints to multi-segmental balance control , 2013, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[34]  Tim Kiemel,et al.  A unified view of quiet and perturbed stance: simultaneous co-existing excitable modes , 2005, Neuroscience Letters.

[35]  F. Horak,et al.  Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[36]  J. Rose,et al.  Postural sway reduction in aging men and women: Relation to brain structure, cognitive status, and stabilizing factors , 2009, Neurobiology of Aging.

[37]  Georg Hettich,et al.  Human hip-ankle coordination emerging from multisensory feedback control. , 2014, Human movement science.

[38]  C. Hildreth,et al.  Sympathetic overactivity prevails over the vascular amplifier phenomena in a chronic kidney disease rat model of hypertension , 2014, Physiological reports.

[39]  Tim Kiemel,et al.  Identification of Neural Feedback for Upright Stance in Humans: Stabilization rather than Sway Minimization , 2011, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[40]  Nicolas Vuillerme,et al.  How performing a mental arithmetic task modify the regulation of centre of foot pressure displacements during bipedal quiet standing , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[41]  Peter Agada,et al.  Identification of the Unstable Human Postural Control System , 2016, Front. Syst. Neurosci..

[42]  William H Gage,et al.  Kinematic and kinetic validity of the inverted pendulum model in quiet standing. , 2004, Gait & posture.

[43]  John A. Wolf,et al.  Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain Function , 2016, Front. Syst. Neurosci..

[44]  H. Heuer,et al.  Effect of haptic supplementation on postural control of younger and older adults in an unstable sitting task. , 2014, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[45]  S. Park,et al.  Feedback equilibrium control during human standing , 2005, Biological Cybernetics.

[46]  G. Schöner,et al.  Motor equivalent control of the center of mass in response to support surface perturbations , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[47]  Carlo J. De Luca,et al.  The role of plantar cutaneous sensation in unperturbed stance , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[48]  Tim Kiemel,et al.  Controlling human upright posture: velocity information is more accurate than position or acceleration. , 2004, Journal of neurophysiology.

[49]  Didier Delignières,et al.  Transition from Persistent to Anti-Persistent Correlations in Postural Sway Indicates Velocity-Based Control , 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol..