Macroscopic water networks optimization considering unsatisfied demand and deep wells dynamic level

Abstract This work introduces a conceptual framework and a mathematic programming approach for the optimization of macroscopic water networks. The economic, environmental, and social objectives are included. The model also accounts for the aspects of unsatisfied demand of the users and water-resource sustainability (as represented by the dynamic level of the natural sources). A multi-objective mixed integer linear model is formulated, and a solution procedure is proposed. The generated solutions enable the stakeholders to reconcile the conflicting objectives in a systematic manner. A real case study has been presented to address water scarcity attributed to increasing disruption in supply and escalating water prices. Results show that using alternative water sources can reduce the unsatisfied demand and dynamic level, while maintaining desirable levels of profit. However, it was also found that although fairness constraints are included the users with the lowest water tariffs bear most of the burden of the unsatisfied demand.

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