Variable g value of transparent façade collectors

Transparent solar thermal collectors (TSTC) represent a new development. An adequate model is needed to predict their performance. This paper presents a collector model with an advanced calculation of the transmission of diffuse radiation and a connection to the building which allows analysis of the collector gains and of the g value, also called “solar factor”, “solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)” or “total solar energy transmittance”. The model is implemented as a TRNSYS Type and a coupled simulation between a collector and a room is presented for different facade constructions. Facade areas with glazing and venetian blinds are simulated with a second new TRNSYS Type which introduces high modelling accuracy for facades with solar control systems. An HVAC system is presented together with a first estimate of possible reductions of primary energy. It indicates primary energy savings of about 30% by replacing opaque walls with transparent collectors. The g values prove to depend not only on the irradiation, but also on the operation of the solar collectors and vary e.g. between 0.04 and 0.21. Detailed modelling of active facades like TSTC is therefore essential for accurate predictions of the collector gain, the heating and cooling loads and the thermal comfort.