Motor Imagery with Brain- Computer Interface Neurotechnology

A brain-computer interface (BCI) analyzes brain activity in real-time to convey information or control an external device. BCI systems often consist of a biosignal amplifier for EEG data acquisition, parameter estimation, and classification to make decisions in real-time. Many BCIs are controlled via motor imagery (through imagined movements), which modulates the EEG in certain frequency bands and regions. Motor imagery based BCIs are used for various applications like cursor control, ∗ guger@gtec.at No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Christoph Guger, Christoph Kapeller, Rupert Ortner et al. 62 robotic and avatar control, stroke rehabilitation, cognitive assessment, training, and communication. This article presents key scientific experiments and applications, including some of the newest results.

[1]  Abderrahmane Kheddar,et al.  An integrated framework for humanoid embodiment with a BCI , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).

[2]  D. Farina,et al.  Operant Conditioning of Spinal Reflexes for Motor Rehabilitation after CNS Damage , 2013 .

[3]  Christoph Guger,et al.  An electrocorticographic BCI using code-based VEP for control in video applications: a single-subject study , 2014, Front. Syst. Neurosci..

[4]  Rupert Ortner,et al.  How many people can control a motor imagery based BCI using common spatial patterns? , 2015, 2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER).

[5]  Walter G Sannita,et al.  Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome , 2010, BMC medicine.

[6]  Ganesh R. Naik,et al.  Brain-Computer Interfaces for Assessment and Communication in Disorders of Consciousness , 2014 .

[7]  Brendan Z. Allison,et al.  How Many People Could Use an SSVEP BCI? , 2012, Front. Neurosci..

[8]  Milena Korostenskaja,et al.  CortiQ-based Real-Time Functional Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery , 2015, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[9]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  Information processing in severe disorders of consciousness: Vegetative state and minimally conscious state , 2005, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[10]  Horst Bischof,et al.  A practical procedure for real-time functional mapping of eloquent cortex using electrocorticographic signals in humans , 2009, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[11]  Iolanda Pisotta,et al.  Are We the Robots?: Man-Machine Integration , 2014 .

[12]  A. Kübler,et al.  Brain–computer interfaces in the continuum of consciousness , 2007, Current opinion in neurology.

[13]  Eric Leuthardt,et al.  Real-time detection of event-related brain activity , 2008, NeuroImage.

[14]  Brendan Z. Allison,et al.  Comparison of Dry and Gel Based Electrodes for P300 Brain–Computer Interfaces , 2012, Front. Neurosci..

[15]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Rapid prototyping of an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[16]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  How many people are able to operate an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI)? , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[17]  Gerwin Schalk,et al.  cortiQ - Clinical software for electrocorticographic real-time functional mapping of the eloquent cortex , 2013, 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).