20Gb/s PAM-4 transmission from 35 to 90°C by modulating a Silicon Ring Resonator Modulator with 2Vpp

A PAM-4 transmission is established by modulating a Si-RRM with a 2Vpp driving voltage. A 20Gb/s bit-rate is achieved with an 8GHz bandwidth, and maintained while the Si-chip temperature is varied from 35 to 90°C.