Smart energy management of HESS-based electric propulsion systems for urban mobility

This paper presents a smart energy management of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) that supplies a highly integrated electric propulsion system. The HESS consists of Batteries (BT) and Supercapacitors (SC), which are integrated to each other through the traction inverter, namely a Three-level Neutral-Point Clamped Converter (NPC). The proposed management strategy consists of exploiting SC over the low-speed operating range, thus coping with vehicle acceleration and deceleration needs for urban mobility mostly. Consequently, BT is preserved successfully from excessive cycling, it being also supported over the mid speed range. Both these goals are achieved by suitable SC sizing, which accounts for both energy and voltage constraints. The proposed energy management is validated through a simulation study, which refers to vehicle acceleration and stop.