The energy expenditure and mechanical energy demand in walking.

1.)The energy expenditure, the vertical lift work of the trunk per step, and the leg and foot lengths have boon measured for 11 young male subjects walking on a horizontal treadmill at 1-4 m.p.h. at natural step frequency and in some instances at controlled frequencies and up and down hill. Similar measurements have been made whilst box stepping. These data and others from the literature have been analysed. 2.)The vertical lift per stop (L) is a geometric function of the lengths of the leg, foot and pace (R, d and P respectively) such that, L = (P−d)2/8R. 3.)The energy expenditure of walking at natural step frequency on the horizontal troadmill is linearly related to the vertical lift work which is the product of lift per step, stop frequency and body weight. This relationship does not hold at arbitrary stop frequencies above and below those chosen spontaneously. Under those circumstances the energy expenditure of walking at a given speed increases : by contrast the lift and the lift work decrease progres...

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