Improved Predictability of Microstructure Evolution during Hot Deformation of Titanium Alloys

Two different mesoscale models based on dislocation reactions are developed and applied to predict both the flow stress and the microstructure evolution during the hot deformation of titanium alloys. Three distinct populations of dislocations, named mobile, immobile, and wall dislocations, describe the microstructure, together with the crystal misorientation and the densities of boundaries. A simple model consisting of production and recovery terms for the evolution of dislocations is compared with a comprehensive model that describes the reactions between different type of dislocations. Constitutive equations connect the microstructure evolution with the flow stresses. Both models consider the formation of a high angle grain boundary by continuous dynamic recrystallization due to progressive lattice rotation. The wall dislocation density evolution is calculated as a result of the subgrain size and boundary misorientation distribution evolutions. The developed models are applied to two near-β titanium alloys, Ti-5553 and Ti-17, and validated for use in hot compression experiments. The differences in the predictability between the developed models are discussed for the flow stress, dislocation densities and microstructure evolutions. Only the comprehensive model can predict the different reactions and their contributions to the evolution of mobile and immobile dislocation densities. The comprehensive model also allows for correlating the elastic strain rate with the softening and hardening kinetics. Despite those differences, the selection of the model used has a small influence on the overall prediction of the subgrain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.

[1]  M. Poletti,et al.  Hot deformation and dynamic α-globularization of a Ti-17 alloy: Consistent physical model , 2021 .

[2]  M. Poletti,et al.  A dislocation-based model for the microstructure evolution and the flow stress of a Ti5553 alloy , 2021 .

[3]  M. Fu,et al.  Microstructure and damage based constitutive modelling of hot deformation of titanium alloys , 2020 .

[4]  Y. Lin,et al.  A dislocation density-based model and processing maps of Ti-55511 alloy with bimodal microstructures during hot compression in α+β region , 2020 .

[5]  M. Zhan,et al.  Full-stage prediction of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization of a titanium alloy through a sub-mesh internal state variables method , 2018, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering.

[6]  Huang Liang,et al.  Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization of a near-beta titanium alloy in the β single phase region , 2018, Vacuum.

[7]  B. Rolfe,et al.  An Analysis on the Constitutive Models for Forging of Ti6Al4V Alloy Considering the Softening Behavior , 2018, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.

[8]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  Fragmentation of α Grains Accelerated by the Growth of β Phase in Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr during Hot Deformation , 2018 .

[9]  A. Chiba,et al.  Forging property, processing map, and mesoscale microstructural evolution modeling of a Ti-17 alloy with a lamellar (α+β) starting microstructure , 2017, Science and technology of advanced materials.

[10]  M. Zhan,et al.  Deformation behavior and microstructure evolution during hot working of a coarse-grained Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr titanium alloy in beta phase field , 2017 .

[11]  V. Madhu,et al.  A physically-based constitutive model for hot deformation of Ti-10-2-3 alloy , 2017 .

[12]  Jiajia Sun,et al.  Interaction effect between alpha and beta phases based on dynamic recrystallization of isothermally compressed Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr with basketweave microstructure , 2017 .

[13]  He Yang,et al.  A three-dimensional cellular automata-crystal plasticity finite element model for predicting the multiscale interaction among heterogeneous deformation, DRX microstructural evolution and mechanical responses in titanium alloys , 2016 .

[14]  H. Mughrabi.  The α-factor in the Taylor flow-stress law in monotonic, cyclic and quasi-stationary deformations: Dependence on slip mode, dislocation arrangement and density , 2016 .

[15]  C. Poletti,et al.  Unified description of the softening behavior of beta-metastable and alpha+beta titanium alloys during hot deformation , 2016 .

[16]  B. Rolfe,et al.  Constitutive analysis of hot deformation behavior of a Ti6Al4V alloy using physical based model , 2015 .

[17]  J. Shu,et al.  The identification of dynamic recrystallization and constitutive modeling during hot deformation of Ti55511 titanium alloy , 2015 .

[18]  Y. Ning,et al.  Competition between dynamic recovery and recrystallization during hot deformation for TC18 titanium alloy , 2015 .

[19]  Y. Ning,et al.  Dynamic softening behavior of TC18 titanium alloy during hot deformation , 2015 .

[20]  Y. H. Zhou,et al.  Research on hot deformation behavior of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Cr–1Fe alloy , 2015 .

[21]  Guo-zheng Quan,et al.  Modelling for the dynamic recrystallization evolution of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in two-phase temperature range and a wide strain rate range , 2015 .

[22]  M. Fu,et al.  Study on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3V in β processing via experiment and simulation , 2014 .

[23]  Y. Ning,et al.  Dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Cr–1Fe alloy , 2014 .

[24]  Yunping Li,et al.  Hot forging characteristic of Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr alloy with single metastable β microstructure , 2014 .

[25]  He Yang,et al.  Unified modeling of flow softening and globularization for hot working of two-phase titanium alloy with a lamellar colony microstructure , 2014 .

[26]  C. Poletti,et al.  Deformation Mechanisms in the Near-β Titanium Alloy Ti-55531 , 2014, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.

[27]  He Yang,et al.  Crystal plasticity modeling of the dynamic recrystallization of two-phase titanium alloys during isothermal processing , 2013 .

[28]  Yang He,et al.  Modeling of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization of a near-α titanium alloy IMI834 during isothermal hot compression by combining a cellular automaton model with a crystal plasticity finite element method , 2013 .

[29]  Lars-Erik Lindgren,et al.  Dislocation density based model for plastic deformation and globularization of Ti-6Al-4V , 2013 .

[30]  W. Zeng,et al.  Comparative study on constitutive relationship of as-cast Ti60 titanium alloy during hot deformation based on Arrhenius-type and artificial neural network models , 2013 .

[31]  E. Cerreta,et al.  A dislocation-based multi-rate single crystal plasticity model , 2013 .

[32]  Bo Song,et al.  Effects of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical property of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V , 2012 .

[33]  E. Kozeschnik,et al.  Particle strengthening in fcc crystals with prolate and oblate precipitates , 2012 .

[34]  Pratheek Shanthraj,et al.  Dislocation density evolution and interactions in crystalline materials , 2011 .

[35]  H. Yang,et al.  Internal-state-variable based self-consistent constitutive modeling for hot working of two-phase titanium alloys coupling microstructure evolution , 2011 .

[36]  C. Poletti,et al.  Study of the hot deformation behaviour in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr , 2011 .

[37]  Liangchi Zhang,et al.  A new constitutive model for HCP metals , 2011 .

[38]  He Yang,et al.  A numerical model based on internal-state-variable method for the microstructure evolution during hot-working process of TA15 titanium alloy , 2010 .

[39]  C. Schuh,et al.  The generalized Mackenzie distribution: Disorientation angle distributions for arbitrary textures , 2009 .

[40]  M. Jackson,et al.  The Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr during Subtransus Isothermal Forging , 2009 .

[41]  Richard Dashwood,et al.  Thermomechanical processing of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr , 2008 .

[42]  Dierk Raabe,et al.  A dislocation density based constitutive model for crystal plasticity FEM including geometrically necessary dislocations , 2006 .

[43]  Chun‐Sing Lee,et al.  Dynamic-coarsening behavior of an α/β titanium alloy , 2006 .

[44]  F. Montheillet,et al.  Simple Flow Rules for Modeling the Behaviour of Inhomogeneous Viscoplastic Materials , 2005 .

[45]  H. Zbib,et al.  Modeling of thermally activated dislocation glide and plastic flow through local obstacles , 2003 .

[46]  F. Montheillet,et al.  A model of continuous dynamic recrystallization , 2003 .

[47]  R. C. Picu,et al.  Mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at high and moderate temperatures-Part II: constitutive modeling , 2002 .

[48]  S. Semiatin,et al.  The adiabatic correction factor for deformation heating during the uniaxial compression test , 2001 .

[49]  Thomas R. Bieler,et al.  The effect of alpha platelet thickness on plastic flow during hot working of TI–6Al–4V with a transformed microstructure , 2001 .

[50]  S. Nemat-Nasser,et al.  Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a commercially pure titanium , 1999 .

[51]  Akhtar S. Khan,et al.  Behaviors of three BCC metal over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures: experiments and modeling , 1999 .

[52]  S. P. Marsh,et al.  Ostwald ripening in non-spherical morphologies , 1997 .

[53]  N. Ghoniem,et al.  A dislocation model for creep in engineering materials , 1990 .

[54]  U. F. Kocks,et al.  Kinetics of flow and strain-hardening☆ , 1981 .

[55]  Y. Estrin,et al.  The effect of vacancy generation on plastic deformation , 1980 .

[56]  W. Roberts,et al.  The dynamical strain ageing of α-iron: Effects of strain rate and nitrogen content in the jerky-flow region , 1973 .

[57]  Y. Bergström,et al.  The stress-strain behaviour of single crystals and polycrystals of face-centered cubic metals—a new dislocation treatment , 1973 .

[58]  Y. Bergström,et al.  A dislocation model for the stress-strain behaviour of polycrystalline α-Fe with special emphasis on the variation of the densities of mobile and immobile dislocations , 1970 .

[59]  U. F. Kocks.  A statistical theory of flow stress and work-hardening , 1966 .

[60]  G. Sachs.  Plasticity problems in metals , 1928 .