Starch biocomposite film reinforced by multiscale rice husk fiber

Abstract A biodegradable composite and nanocomposite made from cassava starch and rice husk fiber were prepared using the solution-casting method. Cellulose was extracted from the rice husk via chemical treatment and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated via acid hydrolysis. The microstructures, crystalline structures, and thermal, mechanical, and water uptake properties of the biocomposites and nanocomposites were characterized. It was found that the storage modulus, tensile properties, thermal stability of the starch biocomposite (SB)–CNC increased, whereas the water uptake decreased. From the results, it can be concluded that CNC is highly compatible with starch and can reinforce the starch phase to produce green nanocomposite films for use as food packaging films and shopping bags.

[1]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Potential of using multiscale kenaf fibers as reinforcing filler in cassava starch-kenaf biocomposites. , 2013, Carbohydrate polymers.

[2]  E. Pollet,et al.  Starch-based nano-biocomposites , 2013 .

[3]  J. Prachayawarakorn,et al.  Effect of jute and kapok fibers on properties of thermoplastic cassava starch composites , 2013 .

[4]  Kaewta Kaewtatip,et al.  Studies on the structure and properties of thermoplastic starch/luffa fiber composites , 2012 .

[5]  P. Chang,et al.  Starch-based nanocomposites reinforced with flax cellulose nanocrystals , 2008 .

[6]  A. Vázquez,et al.  Relationship between structure and properties of modified potato starch biodegradable films , 2006 .

[7]  J. Prachayawarakorn,et al.  Effect of Cotton Fiber Contents and Lengths on Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Composites Prepared from Rice and Waxy Rice Starches , 2011 .

[8]  B. Kokta,et al.  A comparative study on the effect of aging on mechanical properties of LLDPE- glass fiber, mica, and wood fiber composites , 1990 .

[9]  Satyanarayana G. Kestur,et al.  Bio-composites of cassava starch-green coconut fiber: part II-Structure and properties. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[10]  Muhammad M. Rahman,et al.  High-performance green nanocomposites using aligned bacterial cellulose and soy protein , 2017 .

[11]  A. M. Slavutsky,et al.  Water barrier properties of starch films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals obtained from sugarcane bagasse. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[12]  Y. Wan,et al.  Mechanical, moisture absorption, and biodegradation behaviours of bacterial cellulose fibre-reinforced starch biocomposites , 2009 .

[13]  M. Moniruzzaman,et al.  Particulate composites based on ionic liquid-treated oil palm fiber and thermoplastic starch adhesive , 2016, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[14]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk , 2012 .

[15]  A. Chiralt,et al.  Improvement of properties of glycerol plasticized starch films by blending with a low ratio of polycaprolactone and/or polyethylene glycol , 2016 .

[16]  Xiaodong Cao,et al.  Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of ramie crystallites—reinforced plasticized starch biocomposites , 2006 .

[17]  P. Chang,et al.  Properties of biodegradable citric acid-modified granular starch/thermoplastic pea starch composites. , 2009 .

[18]  Qingjie Sun,et al.  Effects of chitin nano-whiskers on the antibacterial and physicochemical properties of maize starch films. , 2016, Carbohydrate polymers.

[19]  K. Oksman,et al.  Bionanocomposites of thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers manufactured using twin-screw extrusion , 2013 .

[20]  S. Mhaske,et al.  Preparation of cotton linter nanowhiskers by high-pressure homogenization process and its application in thermoplastic starch , 2015, Applied Nanoscience.

[21]  Y. Huang,et al.  Moisture absorption in VARTMed three-dimensional braided carbon-epoxy composites with different interface conditions , 2006 .

[22]  L. Avérous,et al.  Biocomposites based on plasticized starch: thermal and mechanical behaviours , 2004 .

[23]  L. Avérous,et al.  Poly(lactic acid): plasticization and properties of biodegradable multiphase systems , 2001 .

[24]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Plasticized Starch/Tunicin Whiskers Nanocomposite Materials. 2. Mechanical Behavior , 2001 .

[25]  X. F. Ma,et al.  Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch , 2006 .

[26]  V. S. Prasad,et al.  Semi-interpenetrating network composites of poly(lactic acid) with cis-9-octadecenylamine modified cellulose-nanofibers from Areca catechu husk , 2017 .

[27]  P. K. Mehta,et al.  Concrete Mixtures Made with Ternary Blended Cements Containing Fly Ash and Rice-Husk Ash , 2001, "SP-199: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete".

[28]  Mikael S. Hedenqvist,et al.  Reduced water vapour sorption in cellulose nanocomposites with starch matrix , 2009 .

[29]  Alain Dufresne,et al.  Cellulose microfibrils from potato tuber cells: Processing and characterization of starch–cellulose microfibril composites , 2000 .

[30]  R. Angélica,et al.  Morphological and thermomechanical characterization of thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites , 2010 .

[31]  A. Chiralt,et al.  Properties and ageing behaviour of pea starch films as affected by blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) , 2015 .

[32]  A. O. Ashogbon,et al.  Recent trend in the physical and chemical modification of starches from different botanical sources: A review , 2014 .

[33]  M. Farag,et al.  Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[34]  Peter J. Halley,et al.  Biocomposites based on plasticized starch , 2009 .

[35]  J. Druzian,et al.  Cassava starch-based films plasticized with sucrose and inverted sugar and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. , 2012, Journal of food science.

[36]  M. G. Jackson.  Review article: The alkali treatment of straws , 1977 .

[37]  L. Mattoso,et al.  Thermoplastic Corn Starch Reinforced with Cotton Cellulose Nanofibers , 2011 .

[38]  Nurain Johar,et al.  MORPHOLOGICAL, THERMAL, AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STARCH BIOCOMPOSITE FILMS REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS FROM RICE HUSKS , 2012 .

[39]  P. Chang,et al.  Bionanocomposites based on pea starch and cellulose nanowhiskers hydrolyzed from pea hull fibre: Effect of hydrolysis time , 2009 .

[40]  I. Ghasemi,et al.  Thermoplastic starch/cellulose nanocrystal green composites prepared in an internal mixer , 2015, Iranian Polymer Journal.