Hysteric controller for CMOS on-chip switching power converters

The design and implementation of a CMOS analog integrated circuit that provides versatile sliding-mode control laws for high-frequency switching power converters is described. The controller circuit implements general-purpose linear-surface state control laws incorporating compensating dynamics. The analog controller integrated circuit considers current-mode circuit techniques, hence exhibiting good performance as far as operation speed, power consumption, suitability to poorly regulated power supplies and robustness in front of interferences are concerned. The circuit allows modular connection, being composed of externally linearized transconductors based on current conveyors, current-mode amplifiers and filtering stages, and a transimpedance high-speed hysteric comparator. The IC includes power MOSFETs and their drivers so that all active elements for implementing a switching power converter are included, only remaining as external components the power reactive elements. Layout details for a CMOS 0.35 /spl mu/m technology implementation are discussed. The circuit may be used either as a standalone IC controller or as a controller circuit that is technology-compatible with on-chip switching power converters and on-chip loads for future powered systems on chip.

[1]  C. Q. Lee,et al.  Tracking control of buck converter using sliding-mode with adaptive hysteresis , 1995, Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference.

[2]  Seth R. Sanders,et al.  An integrated controller for a high frequency buck converter , 1997, PESC97. Record 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Formerly Power Conditioning Specialists Conference 1970-71. Power Processing and Electronic Specialists Conference 1972.

[3]  Mark G. Allen,et al.  A comparison of two micromachined inductors (bar- and meander-type) for fully integrated boost DC/DC , 1996 .

[4]  Terri S. Fiez,et al.  Analog VLSI : signal and information processing , 1994 .

[5]  Charles R. Sullivan,et al.  Design of microfabricated inductors , 1996, PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[6]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  Sliding motions in bilinear switched networks , 1987 .

[7]  Domingo Biel Solé,et al.  Application of Sliding Mode Control to the design of a Buck-based sinusoidal Generator , 2001 .

[8]  R. Domínguez-Castro,et al.  High resolution CMOS current comparators: design and applications to current-mode function generation , 1995 .

[9]  S. Reynolds.  A DC-DC converter for short-channel CMOS technologies , 1997 .

[10]  Vadim I. Utkin,et al.  Sliding Modes and their Application in Variable Structure Systems , 1978 .

[11]  L. Martinez-Salamero,et al.  Sliding-mode control analog integrated circuit for switching DC-DC power converters , 2001, ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.01CH37196).

[12]  Luis Martinez-Salamero,et al.  Analysis of a bidirectional coupled-inductor Cuk converter operating in sliding mode , 1998 .

[13]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  An experimental comparison of several nonlinear controllers for power converters , 1999 .

[14]  Robert W. Erickson,et al.  Fundamentals of Power Electronics , 2001 .

[15]  Robert W. Erickson,et al.  DC-DC converter design for battery-operated systems , 1995, Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference.

[16]  K. Koli,et al.  CMRR enhancement techniques for current-mode instrumentation amplifiers , 2000 .

[17]  Chong H. Ahn,et al.  A DC/DC boost converter toward fully on-chip integration using new micromachined planar inductors , 1999, 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321).

[18]  Eduard Alarcón,et al.  Application of sliding-mode control to the design of a buck-based sinusoidal generator , 2001, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[19]  Chi K. Tse,et al.  A novel method for elimination of line-current harmonics in single-stage PFC switching regulators , 1998 .

[20]  A.P. Chandrakasan,et al.  Ultra low power control circuits for PWM converters , 1997, PESC97. Record 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Formerly Power Conditioning Specialists Conference 1970-71. Power Processing and Electronic Specialists Conference 1972.

[21]  Eduard Alarcón,et al.  A design space exploration for integrated switching power converters , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03..

[22]  Thomas Szepesi,et al.  Stabilizing the Frequency of Hysteretic Current-Mode DC/DC Converters , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[23]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  High-efficiency power amplifier using dynamic power-supply voltage for CDMA applications , 1999 .

[24]  E. Fossas,et al.  Current-mode BiCMOS sliding-mode controller circuit for AC signal generation in switching power DC-DC converters , 1999, 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.99CH36356).

[25]  Enric Fossas,et al.  Analysis of a Sliding-Mode Controlled SEPIC Converter , 1996 .

[26]  G. Salmer,et al.  Ultrahigh frequency DC-to-DC converters using GaAs power switches , 2001 .

[27]  Christofer Toumazou,et al.  Analogue IC design : the current-mode approach , 1993 .

[28]  A. Fabre,et al.  New second generation current conveyor with reduced parasitic resistance and bandpass filter application , 2001 .

[29]  J. Kim,et al.  An efficient digital sliding controller for adaptive power supply regulation , 2001, 2001 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37185).

[30]  Francesc Guinjoan,et al.  Compensating networks for sliding-mode control , 1995, Proceedings of ISCAS'95 - International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[31]  H. Traff,et al.  Novel approach to high speed CMOS current comparators , 1992 .

[32]  Pablo S. Mandolesi,et al.  Nonlinear analog controller for a buck converter: theory and experimental results , 1999, ISIE '99. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (Cat. No.99TH8465).

[33]  Luis Martinez-Salamero,et al.  Current-mode analogue integrated circuit for sliding-mode control of switching power converters , 2002 .

[34]  Paolo Tenti,et al.  General-purpose sliding-mode controller for DC/DC converter applications , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC '93.

[35]  I. Husain,et al.  Sliding mode control of the Cuk converter , 1996, PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[36]  A. Matsuzawa,et al.  An on-chip high-efficiency and low-noise DC/DC converter using divided switches with current control technique , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.99CH36278).

[37]  Peng Xu,et al.  Investigation of candidate VRM topologies for future microprocessors , 2000 .

[38]  M. Carpita.  Sliding Mode Controlled Inverter with Switching Optimization Techniques , 1994 .

[39]  S. Porta,et al.  CCII-Based Analog Integrated Circuit for Sliding-Mode Control of Switching Power Converters , 2004 .