CREAM-Tools: An Authoring Environment for Knowledge Engineering in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

This chapter presents an authoring model and a system for curriculum development in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). We first present an approach for modeling knowledge of the subject matter (the curriculum) to be taught by a large-scale ITS, and we show how it serves as the framework of the authoring process. This approach, called CREAM (Curriculum REspresentation and Acquisition Model), allows creation and organization of the curriculum according to three models concerning respectively the domain, the pedagogy and the didactic aspects. The domain is supported by the capability model (CREAM-C) which represents and organizes domain knowledge through logical links. The pedagogical view allows the definition and organization of teaching objectives by modeling skills required to achieve them and evaluating the impact of this achievement on the domain knowledge (CREAM-O and pedagogical model). The didactic component is based on a model of resources which defines and specifies different activities that are necessary to support teaching (CREAM-R). The construction of each part of CREAM is supported by specific authoring tools and methods. The overall authoring system, called CREAM-Tools, allows Instructional Designers (IDs) to produce a complete ITS curriculum based on the CREAM approach. Although this article is limited to curriculum development, we give some guidelines on how the resulting system could support the construction of other ITS components such as the planner and the student model.

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