Predictability and prediction

A result can be regarded as routinely predictable when it has recurred consistently under a known range of different conditions. This depends on the previous analysis of many sets of data, drawn from different populations. There is no such basis of extensive experience when a prediction is derived from the analysis of only a single set of data. Yet that is what is mainly discussed in our statistical texts. The paper discusses the design and analysis of studies aimed at achieving routinely predictable results. It uses two running case history examples

[1]  Olga Vechtomova,et al.  Stochastic Gravity , 1999, gr-qc/9902064.

[2]  T. P. Barnett,et al.  Causes of Decadal Climate Variability over the North Pacific and North America , 1994, Science.

[3]  J. Kindle,et al.  Decade-scale trans-Pacific propagation and warming effects of an El Niño anomaly , 1994, Nature.

[4]  Uwe Mikolajewicz,et al.  Decadal variability of the North Atlantic in an ocean general circulation model , 1994 .

[5]  James W. Hurrell,et al.  Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific , 1994 .

[6]  Syukuro Manabe,et al.  Interdecadal Variations of the Thermohaline Circulation in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model , 1993 .

[7]  Clara Deser,et al.  Surface Climate Variations over the North Atlantic Ocean during Winter: 1900–1989 , 1993 .

[8]  A. Ehrenberg,et al.  The Design of Replicated Studies , 1993 .

[9]  T. E. Jordan The Degeneracy Crisis and Victorian Youth , 1992 .

[10]  S. Rosenbaum,et al.  British Army Recruits: 100 Years of Heights and Weights , 1992, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps.

[11]  Arnold Zellner,et al.  Statistics, Science and Public Policy , 1992 .

[12]  Kenneth W. Wachter,et al.  Future of Meta-Analysis, The , 1991 .

[13]  Stephen G. Hall,et al.  Applied econometric techniques , 1991 .

[14]  S. Kauffman,et al.  Antichaos and adaptation. , 1991, Scientific American.

[15]  J. Tukey The Philosophy of Multiple Comparisons , 1991 .

[16]  G. Robinson That BLUP is a Good Thing: The Estimation of Random Effects , 1991 .

[17]  P. McCullagh,et al.  Generalized Linear Models, 2nd Edn. , 1990 .

[18]  Uwe Mikolajewicz,et al.  Internal secular variability in an ocean general circulation model , 1990 .

[19]  Andrew Ehrenberg,et al.  A Hope for the Future of Statistics: MSOD , 1990 .

[20]  A. Ehrenberg,et al.  Double Jeopardy Revisited , 1990 .

[21]  Amitai Etzioni,et al.  The Moral Dimension: Towards a New Economics. , 1990 .

[22]  J. Berger Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis , 1988 .

[23]  K. Hasselmann,et al.  Extraction of mixed layer advection velocities, diffusion coefficients, feedback factors and atmospheric forcing parameters from the statistical analysis of North Pacific SST anomaly fields , 1987 .

[24]  C. Allsopp The Rise and Fall of the Dollar: A Comment , 1987 .

[25]  J. A. Nelder,et al.  Statistics, Science and Technology , 1986 .

[26]  Kau Ah Keng,et al.  Patterns of Store Choice , 1984 .

[27]  Charles Hulme,et al.  Speech Rate and the Development of Short-Term Memory Span. , 1984 .

[28]  A. W. Kemp,et al.  The Dirichlet: A comprehensive model of buying behaviour , 1984 .

[29]  A. DiCenso,et al.  Confidence Intervals , 1984, National Institute Economic Review.

[30]  Neil Wrigley,et al.  Stochastic Panel-Data Models of Urban Shopping Behaviour: 2. Multistore Purchasing Patterns and the Dirichlet Model , 1984 .

[31]  J. Copas Regression, Prediction and Shrinkage , 1983 .

[32]  N. Wrigley,et al.  INCORPORATING EXPLANATORY VARIABLES INTO STOCHASTIC PANEL-DATA MODELS OF URBAN SHOPPING BEHAVIOR , 1983 .

[33]  Tsoung-Chao Lee,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Econometrics , 1981 .

[34]  J. Aitchison,et al.  Statistical Prediction Analysis , 1975 .

[35]  C. Chatfield,et al.  Gamma Distribution in Consumer Purchasing , 1973, Nature.

[36]  Robert McGinnis,et al.  A Stochastic Model of Social Mobility , 1968 .

[37]  B. P. Emmett,et al.  Formal Theories of Mass Behaviour , 1967 .

[38]  I. Cohen Newton, Hooke, and ‘Boyle's Law’ (Discovered by Power and Towneley) , 1964, Nature.

[39]  Andrew Ehrenberg,et al.  Bivariate Regression Analysis is Useless , 1963 .

[40]  Tom Corlett,et al.  Ballade of Multiple Regression , 1963 .

[41]  H. Stommel,et al.  Thermohaline Convection with Two Stable Regimes of Flow , 1961 .

[42]  A. Ehrenberg The Pattern of Consumer Purchases , 1959 .

[43]  M. Kendall,et al.  Regression, structure and functional relationship. Part I. , 1951, Biometrika.

[44]  M J Clugston,et al.  A Dictionary Of Science , 1950 .

[45]  A. Einstein Out of My Later Years , 1950 .

[46]  D.Sc. Joseph Berkson Are there Two Regressions , 1950 .

[47]  M. S. Bartlett,et al.  Fitting a Straight Line When Both Variables are Subject to Error , 1949 .

[48]  D. V. Lindley,et al.  Regression Lines and the Linear Functional Relationship , 1947 .

[49]  C. Eisenhart The assumptions underlying the analysis of variance. , 1947, Biometrics.

[50]  Maurice G. Kendall,et al.  The advanced theory of statistics , 1945 .

[51]  R. Geary Accuracy of Boyle's Original Observations on the Pressure and Volume of a Gas , 1943, Nature.

[52]  A. Wald The Fitting of Straight Lines if Both Variables are Subject to Error , 1940 .

[53]  William G. Cochran,et al.  The analysis of groups of experiments , 1938, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[54]  Michael E. Schlesinger,et al.  An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65–70 years , 1994, Nature.

[55]  C. Mallows,et al.  Exchangeability and data analysis , 1993 .

[56]  Rory A. Fisher,et al.  The Arrangement of Field Experiments , 1992 .

[57]  A. Christie,et al.  Aggregation of test statistics: An evaluation of the evidence on contracting and size hypotheses , 1990 .

[58]  A. Zellner,et al.  Forecasting international growth rates using Bayesian shrinkage and other procedures , 1989 .

[59]  D. Ward The validity of the reconviction prediction score , 1987 .

[60]  W. Chua Radical Developments in Accounting Thought , 1986 .

[61]  Peter Schmidt,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Econometrics , 1985 .

[62]  Andrew Ehrenberg,et al.  How Good Is Best , 1982 .

[63]  F. J. Anscombe,et al.  Topics in the Investigation of Linear Relations Fitted by the Method of Least Squares , 1967 .

[64]  J. Bjerknes Atlantic Air-Sea Interaction , 1964 .

[65]  J. Brotherston New Curricula. , 1963, British medical journal.

[66]  C. Jung,et al.  Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle , 1960 .

[67]  M. Kendall Statistical Methods for Research Workers , 1937, Nature.

[68]  K. F. Gauss,et al.  Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae , 1823 .